{
  "id": "emitters:electric-vehicle",
  "collection": "emitters",
  "slug": "electric-vehicle",
  "name": "Electric vehicle cabin (traction and charging)",
  "summary": "EV cabins contain low-frequency magnetic fields from battery cables, traction motor and inverter, strongest in the footwell and over the pack, with a separate profile during fast charging.",
  "status": "provisional",
  "lastVerified": "2026-08-12",
  "data": {
    "aliases": [
      "EV EMF",
      "hybrid car EMF"
    ],
    "category": "elf-magnetic",
    "environment": [
      "vehicle"
    ],
    "bands": [
      {
        "label": "DC and traction ripple",
        "minHz": 0,
        "maxHz": 2000
      },
      {
        "label": "Inverter switching harmonics",
        "minHz": 2000,
        "maxHz": 100000
      }
    ],
    "dutyCycle": "Proportional to current draw: highest under hard acceleration, regenerative braking and DC fast charging.",
    "distanceProfile": [
      {
        "meters": 0.1,
        "value": {
          "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density",
          "unit": "mG",
          "value": 0,
          "basis": "measured",
          "note": "Cabin levels are highly model- and position-specific and depend on cable routing. Measure at the seat position of interest during acceleration and during charging; published generic ranges are not reliable across models.",
          "sourceIds": [
            "icnirp-2010"
          ]
        }
      }
    ],
    "mitigations": [
      {
        "action": "Measure at each seating position while driving and while charging, logging rather than spot-reading.",
        "effect": "Peak conditions occur transiently under acceleration and regeneration."
      },
      {
        "action": "Do not sit in the vehicle during DC fast charging if minimising exposure matters to you.",
        "effect": "Charging currents are the largest in the vehicle's duty cycle."
      },
      {
        "action": "Use a meter with bandwidth to at least 100 kHz to capture inverter harmonics.",
        "effect": "A 50/60 Hz-only gaussmeter misses most of an EV's spectrum."
      }
    ],
    "measureWith": [
      "elf-gaussmeter",
      "intermediate-frequency-meter",
      "data-logger"
    ],
    "related": [
      "quantities:magnetic-flux-density"
    ]
  },
  "sources": [
    {
      "id": "icnirp-2010",
      "title": "Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric and Magnetic Fields (1 Hz to 100 kHz)",
      "publisher": "International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection",
      "url": "https://www.icnirp.org/en/publications/article/lf-guidelines-2010.html",
      "year": 2010,
      "kind": "guideline",
      "retrieved": "2026-08-12"
    }
  ],
  "links": {
    "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/emitters/electric-vehicle",
    "html": "https://emfbase.com/emitters/electric-vehicle",
    "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/emitters/electric-vehicle.md",
    "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/emitters"
  }
}