{ "collection": "limits", "name": "Exposure limits", "description": "Individual numeric exposure limits and precautionary values, each with its quantity, unit, frequency band, averaging time, population and citation.", "count": 55, "dataVersion": "2026.08.1", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "license": { "name": "CC BY 4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" }, "records": [ { "id": "limits:fcc-mpe-public-1500-100000", "collection": "limits", "slug": "fcc-public-power-density-above-1-5-ghz", "name": "FCC general population MPE, 1.5–100 GHz", "summary": "1.0 mW/cm² power density averaged over 30 minutes — the band that covers most cellular, Wi-Fi and 5G frequencies in the United States.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "fcc-mpe", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 1500000000, "maxHz": 100000000000, "label": "1500–100,000 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 1800, "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 10000000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Stated in 47 CFR 1.1310 as 1.0 mW/cm²; 1 mW/cm² = 10 W/m² = 10,000,000 µW/m².", "sourceIds": [ "fcc-1310" ] }, "related": [ "standards:fcc-mpe", "limits:icnirp-2020-public-2-300ghz" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "fcc-1310", "title": "47 CFR § 1.1310 — Radiofrequency radiation exposure limits", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR)", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/section-1.1310", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/fcc-public-power-density-above-1-5-ghz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/fcc-public-power-density-above-1-5-ghz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/fcc-public-power-density-above-1-5-ghz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:fcc-mpe-public-300-1500", "collection": "limits", "slug": "fcc-public-power-density-300-1500-mhz", "name": "FCC general population MPE, 300–1500 MHz", "summary": "Frequency-dependent limit of f/1500 mW/cm², so the allowance rises with frequency across the low-band and mid-band cellular spectrum.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "fcc-mpe", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 300000000, "maxHz": 1500000000, "label": "300–1500 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 1800, "formula": "f/1500 mW/cm² (f in MHz)", "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 2000000, "max": 10000000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "0.2 mW/cm² at 300 MHz rising to 1.0 mW/cm² at 1500 MHz. At 700 MHz the limit is 0.467 mW/cm² (4,670,000 µW/m²).", "sourceIds": [ "fcc-1310" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "fcc-1310", "title": "47 CFR § 1.1310 — Radiofrequency radiation exposure limits", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR)", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/section-1.1310", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/fcc-public-power-density-300-1500-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/fcc-public-power-density-300-1500-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/fcc-public-power-density-300-1500-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:fcc-mpe-public-30-300", "collection": "limits", "slug": "fcc-public-limit-30-300-mhz", "name": "FCC general population MPE, 30–300 MHz", "summary": "The most restrictive RF band in the FCC table — 0.2 mW/cm², equivalently 27.5 V/m — covering FM broadcast, TV and land-mobile services.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "fcc-mpe", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 30000000, "maxHz": 300000000, "label": "30–300 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 1800, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 27.5, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "47 CFR 1.1310 Table 1(B) lists E = 27.5 V/m, H = 0.073 A/m and S = 0.2 mW/cm² for this band.", "sourceIds": [ "fcc-1310" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "fcc-1310", "title": "47 CFR § 1.1310 — Radiofrequency radiation exposure limits", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR)", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/section-1.1310", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/fcc-public-limit-30-300-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/fcc-public-limit-30-300-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/fcc-public-limit-30-300-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:fcc-mpe-occupational-1500-100000", "collection": "limits", "slug": "fcc-occupational-power-density-above-1-5-ghz", "name": "FCC occupational MPE, 1.5–100 GHz", "summary": "5.0 mW/cm² averaged over 6 minutes for trained workers in controlled environments — five times the general-public allowance.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "fcc-mpe", "population": "occupational", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 1500000000, "maxHz": 100000000000, "label": "1500–100,000 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 50000000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Stated as 5.0 mW/cm² for occupational/controlled exposure.", "sourceIds": [ "fcc-1310" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "fcc-1310", "title": "47 CFR § 1.1310 — Radiofrequency radiation exposure limits", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR)", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/section-1.1310", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/fcc-occupational-power-density-above-1-5-ghz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/fcc-occupational-power-density-above-1-5-ghz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/fcc-occupational-power-density-above-1-5-ghz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:fcc-sar-partial-body", "collection": "limits", "slug": "fcc-sar-limit-phones", "name": "FCC SAR limit for phones and portable devices", "summary": "1.6 W/kg averaged over any 1 gram of tissue — the number quoted on U.S. phone SAR sheets — plus 0.08 W/kg whole-body.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "fcc-mpe", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "specific-absorption-rate", "band": { "minHz": 100000, "maxHz": 6000000000, "label": "100 kHz–6 GHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 1800, "value": { "quantity": "specific-absorption-rate", "unit": "W/kg", "value": 1.6, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Spatial peak SAR averaged over 1 g of tissue, per 47 CFR 2.1093 for general population/uncontrolled exposure.", "sourceIds": [ "fcc-2-1093" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "fcc-2-1093", "title": "47 CFR § 2.1093 — Radiofrequency radiation exposure evaluation: portable devices", "publisher": "U.S. Government Publishing Office (eCFR)", "url": "https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-47/section-2.1093", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "fcc-eas", "title": "Equipment Authorization Search (FCC ID lookup, includes SAR test reports)", "publisher": "Federal Communications Commission", "url": "https://www.fcc.gov/oet/ea/fccid", "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/fcc-sar-limit-phones", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/fcc-sar-limit-phones", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/fcc-sar-limit-phones.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:icnirp-2020-public-2-300ghz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "icnirp-public-power-density-above-2-ghz", "name": "ICNIRP 2020 general public reference level, 2–300 GHz", "summary": "10 W/m² incident power density averaged over 30 minutes and over the whole body — the reference level that 5G mid-band and Wi-Fi compliance is judged against outside the U.S.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "icnirp-2020", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 2000000000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "2–300 GHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 1800, "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 10000000, "basis": "guideline", "note": "10 W/m² = 1 mW/cm² = 10,000,000 µW/m², whole-body average.", "sourceIds": [ "icnirp-2020" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "icnirp-2020", "title": "Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)", "publisher": "International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection", "url": "https://www.icnirp.org/en/publications/article/rf-guidelines-2020.html", "year": 2020, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/icnirp-public-power-density-above-2-ghz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/icnirp-public-power-density-above-2-ghz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/icnirp-public-power-density-above-2-ghz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:icnirp-2020-public-400-2000", "collection": "limits", "slug": "icnirp-public-reference-level-400-2000-mhz", "name": "ICNIRP 2020 general public reference level, 400 MHz–2 GHz", "summary": "Frequency-scaled reference level f/200 W/m², giving 4.5 W/m² at 900 MHz and 9 W/m² at 1800 MHz.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "icnirp-2020", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 400000000, "maxHz": 2000000000, "label": "400–2000 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 1800, "formula": "f/200 W/m² (f in MHz)", "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 2000000, "max": 10000000, "basis": "guideline", "note": "2 W/m² at 400 MHz rising to 10 W/m² at 2000 MHz; 4,500,000 µW/m² at 900 MHz.", "sourceIds": [ "icnirp-2020" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "icnirp-2020", "title": "Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)", "publisher": "International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection", "url": "https://www.icnirp.org/en/publications/article/rf-guidelines-2020.html", "year": 2020, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "eu-1999-519", "title": "Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz)", "publisher": "Council of the European Union", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A31999H0519", "year": 1999, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/icnirp-public-reference-level-400-2000-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/icnirp-public-reference-level-400-2000-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/icnirp-public-reference-level-400-2000-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:icnirp-2020-sar-local", "collection": "limits", "slug": "icnirp-local-sar-limit", "name": "ICNIRP 2020 local SAR basic restriction (head and torso)", "summary": "2 W/kg averaged over 10 grams of tissue for the general public — a different averaging mass than the FCC's 1 g, which is why SAR numbers are not directly comparable between regions.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "icnirp-2020", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "specific-absorption-rate", "band": { "minHz": 100000, "maxHz": 6000000000, "label": "100 kHz–6 GHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "value": { "quantity": "specific-absorption-rate", "unit": "W/kg", "value": 2, "basis": "guideline", "note": "Local SAR head/torso, 10 g cube average. Limb local SAR is 4 W/kg; whole-body average is 0.08 W/kg.", "sourceIds": [ "icnirp-2020" ] }, "related": [ "limits:fcc-sar-partial-body" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "icnirp-2020", "title": "Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)", "publisher": "International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection", "url": "https://www.icnirp.org/en/publications/article/rf-guidelines-2020.html", "year": 2020, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/icnirp-local-sar-limit", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/icnirp-local-sar-limit", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/icnirp-local-sar-limit.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:icnirp-2020-sar-whole-body", "collection": "limits", "slug": "icnirp-whole-body-sar-limit", "name": "ICNIRP 2020 whole-body average SAR basic restriction", "summary": "0.08 W/kg for the general public and 0.4 W/kg occupational — the thermal basis from which every RF reference level is derived.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "icnirp-2020", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "specific-absorption-rate", "band": { "minHz": 100000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "100 kHz–300 GHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 1800, "value": { "quantity": "specific-absorption-rate", "unit": "W/kg", "value": 0.08, "basis": "guideline", "note": "Occupational whole-body restriction is 0.4 W/kg; the public value applies a further factor of 5.", "sourceIds": [ "icnirp-2020" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "icnirp-2020", "title": "Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)", "publisher": "International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection", "url": "https://www.icnirp.org/en/publications/article/rf-guidelines-2020.html", "year": 2020, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/icnirp-whole-body-sar-limit", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/icnirp-whole-body-sar-limit", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/icnirp-whole-body-sar-limit.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:icnirp-2010-public-magnetic-50-60", "collection": "limits", "slug": "icnirp-public-magnetic-field-50-60-hz", "name": "ICNIRP 2010 general public magnetic field reference level at 50/60 Hz", "summary": "200 µT (2000 mG) for the public and 1000 µT occupational — five orders of magnitude above typical household background.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "icnirp-2010", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "band": { "minHz": 50, "maxHz": 60, "label": "50/60 Hz" }, "value": { "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "unit": "µT", "value": 200, "basis": "guideline", "note": "200 µT = 2000 mG. The earlier ICNIRP 1998 public reference level of 100 µT is still the value used in EU Recommendation 1999/519/EC.", "sourceIds": [ "icnirp-2010" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "icnirp-2010", "title": "Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric and Magnetic Fields (1 Hz to 100 kHz)", "publisher": "International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection", "url": "https://www.icnirp.org/en/publications/article/lf-guidelines-2010.html", "year": 2010, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/icnirp-public-magnetic-field-50-60-hz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/icnirp-public-magnetic-field-50-60-hz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/icnirp-public-magnetic-field-50-60-hz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:icnirp-2010-occupational-magnetic-50-60", "collection": "limits", "slug": "icnirp-occupational-magnetic-field-50-60-hz", "name": "ICNIRP 2010 occupational magnetic field reference level at 50/60 Hz", "summary": "1000 µT (10,000 mG) for workers — five times the public reference level, on the basis that an occupational population is informed, trained and supervised. It does not apply to the public or to a home.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "icnirp-2010", "population": "occupational", "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "band": { "minHz": 50, "maxHz": 60, "label": "50/60 Hz" }, "value": { "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "unit": "µT", "value": 1000, "basis": "guideline", "note": "1000 µT = 10,000 mG. Both reference levels derive from the same basic restriction on induced electric field in the body; the difference is the reduction factor applied, not a different biological threshold.", "sourceIds": [ "icnirp-2010" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "icnirp-2010", "title": "Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Time-Varying Electric and Magnetic Fields (1 Hz to 100 kHz)", "publisher": "International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection", "url": "https://www.icnirp.org/en/publications/article/lf-guidelines-2010.html", "year": 2010, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/icnirp-occupational-magnetic-field-50-60-hz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/icnirp-occupational-magnetic-field-50-60-hz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/icnirp-occupational-magnetic-field-50-60-hz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:eu-1999-519-magnetic-50hz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "eu-public-magnetic-field-50-hz", "name": "EU 1999/519/EC public magnetic field reference level, 50 Hz", "summary": "100 µT (1000 mG) magnetic flux density and 5 kV/m electric field strength at power frequency, the values still in force across the EU.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "eu-1999-519", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "band": { "minHz": 50, "maxHz": 50, "label": "50 Hz" }, "value": { "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "unit": "µT", "value": 100, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Based on ICNIRP 1998. Accompanying electric field reference level is 5 kV/m.", "sourceIds": [ "eu-1999-519" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "eu-1999-519", "title": "Council Recommendation 1999/519/EC on the limitation of exposure of the general public to electromagnetic fields (0 Hz to 300 GHz)", "publisher": "Council of the European Union", "url": "https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A31999H0519", "year": 1999, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/eu-public-magnetic-field-50-hz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/eu-public-magnetic-field-50-hz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/eu-public-magnetic-field-50-hz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:ch-onir-installation-mobile", "collection": "limits", "slug": "swiss-installation-limit-mobile-antennas", "name": "Swiss installation limit value for mobile phone antennas", "summary": "4–6 V/m at places of sensitive use depending on band — about 100 times lower in power density than ICNIRP's reference level.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "ch-onir", "population": "sensitive", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 800000000, "maxHz": 6000000000, "label": "mobile service bands" }, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 4, "max": 6, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "4 V/m for installations operating below ~900 MHz, 6 V/m above ~1.8 GHz, 5 V/m for mixed-band installations. 6 V/m ≈ 95,500 µW/m² via S = E²/377.", "sourceIds": [ "ch-onir" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "ch-onir", "title": "Ordinance relating to Protection from Non-Ionising Radiation (ONIR / NISV, SR 814.710)", "publisher": "Swiss Confederation", "url": "https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/2000/38/en", "year": 2000, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "sbm-2024", "title": "Building Biology Evaluation Guidelines for Sleeping Areas (SBM-2024)", "publisher": "Institut für Baubiologie + Nachhaltigkeit (IBN)", "url": "https://buildingbiology.com/site/downloads/SBM-2024_EVALUATION_GUIDELINES_EN.pdf", "year": 2024, "kind": "ngo", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/swiss-installation-limit-mobile-antennas", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/swiss-installation-limit-mobile-antennas", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/swiss-installation-limit-mobile-antennas.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:ch-onir-power-lines", "collection": "limits", "slug": "swiss-installation-limit-power-lines", "name": "Swiss installation limit value for power lines", "summary": "1 µT (10 mG) magnetic flux density at places of sensitive use — the strictest power-frequency installation value in force in Europe.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "ch-onir", "population": "sensitive", "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "band": { "minHz": 50, "maxHz": 50, "label": "50 Hz" }, "value": { "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "unit": "µT", "value": 1, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Applies to new installations at places of sensitive use; the Netherlands applies a 0.4 µT policy target for new power lines.", "sourceIds": [ "ch-onir", "sbm-2024" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "ch-onir", "title": "Ordinance relating to Protection from Non-Ionising Radiation (ONIR / NISV, SR 814.710)", "publisher": "Swiss Confederation", "url": "https://www.fedlex.admin.ch/eli/cc/2000/38/en", "year": 2000, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "sbm-2024", "title": "Building Biology Evaluation Guidelines for Sleeping Areas (SBM-2024)", "publisher": "Institut für Baubiologie + Nachhaltigkeit (IBN)", "url": "https://buildingbiology.com/site/downloads/SBM-2024_EVALUATION_GUIDELINES_EN.pdf", "year": 2024, "kind": "ngo", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/swiss-installation-limit-power-lines", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/swiss-installation-limit-power-lines", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/swiss-installation-limit-power-lines.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:sbm-2024-rf-no-anomaly", "collection": "limits", "slug": "building-biology-rf-no-anomaly", "name": "Building Biology SBM-2024 RF band: no anomaly", "summary": "Below 0.1 µW/m² peak per RF source in a sleeping area is graded 'no anomaly' — a precautionary target eight orders of magnitude below the FCC limit.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "sbm-2024", "population": "sensitive", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 100000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "per single RF source, peak" }, "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 0, "max": 0.1, "basis": "precautionary", "note": "SBM bands per single source, peak measurement: <0.1 no anomaly, 0.1–10 weak, 10–1000 strong, >1000 extreme anomaly. These are assessment grades, not exposure limits.", "sourceIds": [ "sbm-2024" ] }, "related": [ "standards:sbm-2024" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "sbm-2024", "title": "Building Biology Evaluation Guidelines for Sleeping Areas (SBM-2024)", "publisher": "Institut für Baubiologie + Nachhaltigkeit (IBN)", "url": "https://buildingbiology.com/site/downloads/SBM-2024_EVALUATION_GUIDELINES_EN.pdf", "year": 2024, "kind": "ngo", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/building-biology-rf-no-anomaly", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/building-biology-rf-no-anomaly", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/building-biology-rf-no-anomaly.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:sbm-2024-rf-extreme", "collection": "limits", "slug": "building-biology-rf-extreme-anomaly", "name": "Building Biology SBM-2024 RF band: extreme anomaly", "summary": "Above 1000 µW/m² peak from a single RF source in a sleeping area is graded 'extreme anomaly' and triggers a remediation recommendation.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "sbm-2024", "population": "sensitive", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 100000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "per single RF source, peak" }, "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 1000, "basis": "precautionary", "note": "Pulsed and broadband sources (GSM, DECT, WLAN, LTE, 5G) should be judged more strictly than non-pulsed sources of the same power density.", "sourceIds": [ "sbm-2024" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "sbm-2024", "title": "Building Biology Evaluation Guidelines for Sleeping Areas (SBM-2024)", "publisher": "Institut für Baubiologie + Nachhaltigkeit (IBN)", "url": "https://buildingbiology.com/site/downloads/SBM-2024_EVALUATION_GUIDELINES_EN.pdf", "year": 2024, "kind": "ngo", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/building-biology-rf-extreme-anomaly", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/building-biology-rf-extreme-anomaly", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/building-biology-rf-extreme-anomaly.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:sbm-2024-magnetic-bands", "collection": "limits", "slug": "building-biology-ac-magnetic-bands", "name": "Building Biology SBM-2024 AC magnetic field bands", "summary": "Sleeping-area grades at 50/60 Hz: below 0.2 mG no anomaly, 0.2–1 mG weak, 1–5 mG strong, above 5 mG extreme.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "sbm-2024", "population": "sensitive", "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "band": { "minHz": 16.7, "maxHz": 2000, "label": "power frequency and harmonics" }, "value": { "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "unit": "mG", "value": 0.2, "max": 5, "basis": "precautionary", "note": "Equivalent in nT: <20 / 20–100 / 100–500 / >500. Harmonics from ~2 kHz to 1 MHz are graded more severely, by a factor of roughly 10–100.", "sourceIds": [ "sbm-2024" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "sbm-2024", "title": "Building Biology Evaluation Guidelines for Sleeping Areas (SBM-2024)", "publisher": "Institut für Baubiologie + Nachhaltigkeit (IBN)", "url": "https://buildingbiology.com/site/downloads/SBM-2024_EVALUATION_GUIDELINES_EN.pdf", "year": 2024, "kind": "ngo", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/building-biology-ac-magnetic-bands", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/building-biology-ac-magnetic-bands", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/building-biology-ac-magnetic-bands.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:sbm-2024-electric-bands", "collection": "limits", "slug": "building-biology-ac-electric-bands", "name": "Building Biology SBM-2024 AC electric field bands", "summary": "Sleeping-area grades with ground reference: below 1 V/m no anomaly, 1–5 weak, 5–50 strong, above 50 V/m extreme; body voltage below 10 mV is 'no anomaly'.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "sbm-2024", "population": "sensitive", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 16.7, "maxHz": 2000, "label": "power frequency and harmonics" }, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 1, "max": 50, "basis": "precautionary", "note": "Body voltage bands with ground reference: <10 / 10–100 / 100–1000 / >1000 mV. Field strength without ground reference: <0.3 / 0.3–1.5 / 1.5–10 / >10 V/m.", "sourceIds": [ "sbm-2024" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "sbm-2024", "title": "Building Biology Evaluation Guidelines for Sleeping Areas (SBM-2024)", "publisher": "Institut für Baubiologie + Nachhaltigkeit (IBN)", "url": "https://buildingbiology.com/site/downloads/SBM-2024_EVALUATION_GUIDELINES_EN.pdf", "year": 2024, "kind": "ngo", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/building-biology-ac-electric-bands", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/building-biology-ac-electric-bands", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/building-biology-ac-electric-bands.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:europaem-2016-wifi-night", "collection": "limits", "slug": "europaem-target-value-wlan-night", "name": "EUROPAEM 2016 night-time target value for WLAN and similar pulsed sources", "summary": "10 µW/m² at night for GPRS, DAB+ and WLAN-type sources, 100 µW/m² daytime, 0.1 µW/m² for sensitive individuals.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "europaem-2016", "population": "sensitive", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 900000000, "maxHz": 6000000000, "label": "pulsed digital services" }, "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 10, "basis": "precautionary", "note": "EUROPAEM differentiates by technology: FM broadcasting 10,000 µW/m² day / 1000 night; TETRA and DVB-T 1000 day / 100 night; GPRS, DAB+, WLAN 100 day / 10 night.", "sourceIds": [ "europaem-2016", "sbm-2024" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "europaem-2016", "title": "EUROPAEM EMF Guideline 2016 for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of EMF-related health problems", "publisher": "European Academy for Environmental Medicine", "url": "https://europaem.eu/en/library/blog-en/97-europaem-emf-guideline-2016", "year": 2016, "kind": "ngo", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "sbm-2024", "title": "Building Biology Evaluation Guidelines for Sleeping Areas (SBM-2024)", "publisher": "Institut für Baubiologie + Nachhaltigkeit (IBN)", "url": "https://buildingbiology.com/site/downloads/SBM-2024_EVALUATION_GUIDELINES_EN.pdf", "year": 2024, "kind": "ngo", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/europaem-target-value-wlan-night", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/europaem-target-value-wlan-night", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/europaem-target-value-wlan-night.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:who-elf-leukaemia-association", "collection": "limits", "slug": "who-elf-0-3-0-4-microtesla-association", "name": "WHO/IARC ELF magnetic field association threshold (0.3–0.4 µT)", "summary": "The average daily exposure level above which pooled epidemiological studies report an association with childhood leukaemia, and the basis for the IARC Group 2B classification of ELF magnetic fields.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "who-elf-evidence", "population": "sensitive", "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "band": { "minHz": 50, "maxHz": 60, "label": "50/60 Hz" }, "value": { "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "unit": "µT", "value": 0.3, "max": 0.4, "basis": "measured", "method": "Pooled analyses of residential exposure epidemiology cited by WHO and IARC.", "note": "0.3–0.4 µT = 3–4 mG. This is an epidemiological association, not an established causal threshold, and is far below all regulatory limits.", "sourceIds": [ "who-elf", "iarc-monograph-80" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "who-elf", "title": "Electromagnetic fields and public health: exposure to extremely low frequency fields", "publisher": "World Health Organization", "url": "https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/radiation-and-health/non-ionizing/exposure", "year": 2007, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "iarc-monograph-80", "title": "IARC Monographs Volume 80: Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely Low-Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields", "publisher": "International Agency for Research on Cancer", "url": "https://publications.iarc.who.int/98", "year": 2002, "kind": "peer-reviewed", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/who-elf-0-3-0-4-microtesla-association", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/who-elf-0-3-0-4-microtesla-association", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/who-elf-0-3-0-4-microtesla-association.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:sc6-public-300-6000", "collection": "limits", "slug": "safety-code-6-public-300-6000-mhz", "name": "Safety Code 6 uncontrolled reference level, 300–6000 MHz", "summary": "Frequency-dependent power density of 0.02619 f^0.6834 W/m² (f in MHz) — 4.56 W/m² at 1900 MHz and 5.42 W/m² at 2450 MHz, so Canada is somewhat stricter than ICNIRP across the cellular and Wi-Fi bands.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "hc-safety-code-6", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 300000000, "maxHz": 6000000000, "label": "300–6000 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "formula": "0.02619 f^0.6834 W/m² (f in MHz)", "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 1290000, "max": 10000000, "basis": "guideline", "note": "Safety Code 6 (2015) Table 5, uncontrolled environments. The range is the band edges: 1.29 W/m² at 300 MHz to 10 W/m² at 6000 MHz. Worked values inside the band: 4.56 W/m² at 1900 MHz, 5.42 W/m² at 2450 MHz, 6.92 W/m² at 3500 MHz. The equivalent electric field is 3.142 f^0.3417 V/m (41.5 V/m at 1900 MHz).", "sourceIds": [ "hc-safety-code-6", "hc-safety-code-6-pdf" ] }, "related": [ "standards:hc-safety-code-6", "limits:icnirp-2020-public-2-300ghz" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "hc-safety-code-6", "title": "Limits of Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Energy in the Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz (Safety Code 6)", "publisher": "Health Canada", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/health-risks-safety/limits-human-exposure-radiofrequency-electromagnetic-energy-range-3-300.html", "year": 2015, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "hc-safety-code-6-pdf", "title": "Safety Code 6 (2015), H129-48/2015E-PDF — official PDF edition", "publisher": "Government of Canada Publications", "url": "https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/sc-hc/H129-48-2015-eng.pdf", "year": 2015, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/safety-code-6-public-300-6000-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/safety-code-6-public-300-6000-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/safety-code-6-public-300-6000-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:sc6-public-6-15ghz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "safety-code-6-public-6-15-ghz", "name": "Safety Code 6 uncontrolled reference level, 6–15 GHz", "summary": "10 W/m² (61.4 V/m) averaged over 6 minutes — the flat plateau above 6 GHz, identical to the ICNIRP figure.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "hc-safety-code-6", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 6000000000, "maxHz": 15000000000, "label": "6000–15,000 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 10000000, "basis": "guideline", "note": "Safety Code 6 (2015) Table 5 lists E = 61.4 V/m, H = 0.163 A/m and S = 10 W/m² for uncontrolled environments in this band; the controlled-environment plateau is 50 W/m².", "sourceIds": [ "hc-safety-code-6", "hc-safety-code-6-pdf" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "hc-safety-code-6", "title": "Limits of Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Energy in the Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz (Safety Code 6)", "publisher": "Health Canada", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/health-risks-safety/limits-human-exposure-radiofrequency-electromagnetic-energy-range-3-300.html", "year": 2015, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "hc-safety-code-6-pdf", "title": "Safety Code 6 (2015), H129-48/2015E-PDF — official PDF edition", "publisher": "Government of Canada Publications", "url": "https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/sc-hc/H129-48-2015-eng.pdf", "year": 2015, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/safety-code-6-public-6-15-ghz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/safety-code-6-public-6-15-ghz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/safety-code-6-public-6-15-ghz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:sc6-sar-basic-restriction", "collection": "limits", "slug": "safety-code-6-sar-limits", "name": "Safety Code 6 SAR basic restrictions (uncontrolled)", "summary": "0.08 W/kg whole-body average, with peak spatially-averaged limits of 1.6 W/kg for head, neck and trunk and 4.0 W/kg for limbs — the same headline figure as the U.S.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "hc-safety-code-6", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "specific-absorption-rate", "band": { "minHz": 100000, "maxHz": 6000000000, "label": "100 kHz–6 GHz" }, "value": { "quantity": "specific-absorption-rate", "unit": "W/kg", "value": 1.6, "basis": "guideline", "note": "Uncontrolled-environment basic restrictions: whole-body average 0.08 W/kg; peak spatially-averaged 1.6 W/kg (head, neck, trunk) and 4.0 W/kg (limbs). Controlled-environment values are 0.4, 8 and 20 W/kg. SAR takes precedence over the field-strength reference levels from 100 kHz to 6 GHz.", "sourceIds": [ "hc-safety-code-6", "hc-safety-code-6-pdf" ] }, "related": [ "limits:fcc-sar-partial-body", "limits:icnirp-2020-sar-local" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "hc-safety-code-6", "title": "Limits of Human Exposure to Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Energy in the Frequency Range from 3 kHz to 300 GHz (Safety Code 6)", "publisher": "Health Canada", "url": "https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/health-risks-safety/limits-human-exposure-radiofrequency-electromagnetic-energy-range-3-300.html", "year": 2015, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "hc-safety-code-6-pdf", "title": "Safety Code 6 (2015), H129-48/2015E-PDF — official PDF edition", "publisher": "Government of Canada Publications", "url": "https://publications.gc.ca/collections/collection_2016/sc-hc/H129-48-2015-eng.pdf", "year": 2015, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/safety-code-6-sar-limits", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/safety-code-6-sar-limits", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/safety-code-6-sar-limits.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:ofcom-public-2-300ghz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "uk-public-power-density-above-2-ghz", "name": "UK enforceable general-public limit, 2–300 GHz", "summary": "10 W/m² — the ICNIRP 2020 public reference level, made enforceable in the UK by the Ofcom EMF licence condition rather than by a UK-specific number.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "ofcom-emf-condition", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 2000000000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "2–300 GHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 1800, "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 10000000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "The value is ICNIRP's; the enforceability is Ofcom's. The condition applies to licensees authorised above 10 W EIRP (6.1 W ERP) and covers exposure of the general public only.", "sourceIds": [ "ofcom-emf-policy", "icnirp-2020" ] }, "related": [ "standards:ofcom-emf-condition", "limits:icnirp-2020-public-2-300ghz" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "ofcom-emf-policy", "title": "Ofcom's rules on EMF exposure (EMF licence condition)", "publisher": "Ofcom", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/spectrum/electromagnetic-fields/policy", "year": 2021, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "ofcom-emf-guidance", "title": "Guidance on EMF compliance and enforcement", "publisher": "Ofcom", "url": "https://www.ofcom.org.uk/spectrum/electromagnetic-fields/compliance-and-enforcement-guidance", "year": 2021, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "icnirp-2020", "title": "Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)", "publisher": "International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection", "url": "https://www.icnirp.org/en/publications/article/rf-guidelines-2020.html", "year": 2020, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/uk-public-power-density-above-2-ghz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/uk-public-power-density-above-2-ghz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/uk-public-power-density-above-2-ghz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:arpansa-public-2-300ghz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "australia-public-power-density-above-2-ghz", "name": "Australian general-public limit, 2–300 GHz", "summary": "10 W/m² incident power density, adopted from ICNIRP 2020 by ARPANSA RPS S-1 and binding through licence conditions and the ACMA device standard.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "arpansa-rps-s1", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 2000000000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "2–300 GHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 1800, "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 10000000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "RPS S-1 (Rev. 1) aligns Australia with the ICNIRP 2020 whole-body reference levels; RPS 3 (2002), based on ICNIRP 1998, is withdrawn.", "sourceIds": [ "arpansa-rps-s1", "icnirp-2020" ] }, "related": [ "standards:arpansa-rps-s1", "organizations:arpansa" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "arpansa-rps-s1", "title": "Standard for Limiting Exposure to Radiofrequency Fields — 100 kHz to 300 GHz, RPS S-1 (Rev. 1)", "publisher": "Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency", "url": "https://www.arpansa.gov.au/regulation-and-licensing/regulatory-publications/radiation-protection-series/codes-and-standards/rpss-1", "year": 2021, "kind": "standard", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "acma-eme-standard", "title": "Radiocommunications (Electromagnetic Radiation — Human Exposure) Standard 2014", "publisher": "Australian Communications and Media Authority (Federal Register of Legislation)", "url": "https://www.legislation.gov.au/F2014L00960/asmade/2014-07-07/text/original/epub/OEBPS/document_1/document_1.html", "year": 2014, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "icnirp-2020", "title": "Guidelines for Limiting Exposure to Electromagnetic Fields (100 kHz to 300 GHz)", "publisher": "International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection", "url": "https://www.icnirp.org/en/publications/article/rf-guidelines-2020.html", "year": 2020, "kind": "guideline", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/australia-public-power-density-above-2-ghz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/australia-public-power-density-above-2-ghz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/australia-public-power-density-above-2-ghz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:india-public-400-2000", "collection": "limits", "slug": "india-base-station-limit-400-2000-mhz", "name": "India base-station limit, 400–2000 MHz", "summary": "f/2000 W/m² (f in MHz) — 0.45 W/m² at 900 MHz and 0.9 W/m² at 1800 MHz, one tenth of the ICNIRP figure for the same band.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "india-dot-emf", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 400000000, "maxHz": 2000000000, "label": "400–2000 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "formula": "f/2000 W/m² (f in MHz)", "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 200000, "max": 1000000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "The range is the band edges: 0.2 W/m² at 400 MHz to 1 W/m² at 2000 MHz. DoT norms state 0.45 W/m² at 900 MHz, 0.9 W/m² at 1800 MHz and 1 W/m² at 2100 MHz and above. Equivalent electric field is 0.434 √f V/m (18.4 V/m at 1800 MHz).", "sourceIds": [ "india-tarang-norms", "india-dgt-emf" ] }, "related": [ "standards:india-dot-emf", "emitters:macro-cell-tower" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "india-tarang-norms", "title": "EMF radiation norms (Tarang Sanchar portal)", "publisher": "Department of Telecommunications, Government of India", "url": "https://tarangsanchar.gov.in/EMFPortalHi/DoT/EMFRadiationNorms", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "india-dgt-emf", "title": "Public awareness — EMF exposure limits from mobile towers", "publisher": "Directorate General of Telecommunications, Government of India", "url": "https://dgtelecom.gov.in/public-awareness/", "year": 2013, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/india-base-station-limit-400-2000-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/india-base-station-limit-400-2000-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/india-base-station-limit-400-2000-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:india-public-2-300ghz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "india-base-station-limit-above-2-ghz", "name": "India base-station limit, 2–300 GHz", "summary": "1 W/m² (19.29 V/m) for base-station emissions — a tenth of the ICNIRP public reference level, and the limit that applies to 2100 MHz and 5G mid-band sites.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "india-dot-emf", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 2000000000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "2–300 GHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 1000000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Stated as 1 W/m² with E = 19.29 V/m and H = 0.05 A/m. Applies to base-station emissions; handsets are governed by the separate 1.6 W/kg over 1 g SAR limit.", "sourceIds": [ "india-tarang-norms", "india-dgt-emf" ] }, "related": [ "limits:icnirp-2020-public-2-300ghz", "limits:india-public-400-2000" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "india-tarang-norms", "title": "EMF radiation norms (Tarang Sanchar portal)", "publisher": "Department of Telecommunications, Government of India", "url": "https://tarangsanchar.gov.in/EMFPortalHi/DoT/EMFRadiationNorms", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "india-dgt-emf", "title": "Public awareness — EMF exposure limits from mobile towers", "publisher": "Directorate General of Telecommunications, Government of India", "url": "https://dgtelecom.gov.in/public-awareness/", "year": 2013, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/india-base-station-limit-above-2-ghz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/india-base-station-limit-above-2-ghz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/india-base-station-limit-above-2-ghz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:china-public-30-3000", "collection": "limits", "slug": "china-public-limit-30-3000-mhz", "name": "China public limit, 30–3000 MHz", "summary": "12 V/m, equivalently 0.4 W/m², across the FM, TV, and sub-3 GHz cellular and Wi-Fi bands — the strictest widely enforced national limit in that range apart from Russia's.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "china-gb-8702", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 30000000, "maxHz": 3000000000, "label": "30–3000 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 400000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "GB 8702-2014 Table 1 lists E = 12 V/m, H = 0.032 A/m, B = 0.04 µT and Seq = 0.4 W/m² for this band, as RMS over any continuous 6-minute interval.", "sourceIds": [ "china-gb-8702" ] }, "related": [ "standards:china-gb-8702", "limits:icnirp-2020-public-400-2000" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "china-gb-8702", "title": "GB 8702-2014 电磁环境控制限值 (Controlling limits for electromagnetic environment)", "publisher": "Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China", "url": "https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/hxxhj/dcfsbz/201410/t20141022_290449.htm", "year": 2014, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/china-public-limit-30-3000-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/china-public-limit-30-3000-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/china-public-limit-30-3000-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:china-public-3-15ghz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "china-public-limit-3-15-ghz", "name": "China public limit, 3–15 GHz", "summary": "f/7500 W/m² (f in MHz), so 0.47 W/m² at 3.5 GHz and 0.77 W/m² at 5.8 GHz — the band that covers 5G mid-band and 5 GHz Wi-Fi.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "china-gb-8702", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 3000000000, "maxHz": 15000000000, "label": "3000–15,000 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "formula": "f/7500 W/m² (f in MHz)", "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 400000, "max": 2000000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "GB 8702-2014 Table 1: E = 0.22 √f V/m and Seq = f/7500 W/m² from 3–15 GHz, then a flat 27 V/m and 2 W/m² from 15–300 GHz. The range is the band edges: 0.4 W/m² at 3 GHz to 2 W/m² at 15 GHz; 0.467 W/m² at 3500 MHz.", "sourceIds": [ "china-gb-8702" ] } }, "sources": [ { "id": "china-gb-8702", "title": "GB 8702-2014 电磁环境控制限值 (Controlling limits for electromagnetic environment)", "publisher": "Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China", "url": "https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/hxxhj/dcfsbz/201410/t20141022_290449.htm", "year": 2014, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/china-public-limit-3-15-ghz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/china-public-limit-3-15-ghz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/china-public-limit-3-15-ghz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:china-public-magnetic-50hz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "china-public-power-frequency-limits", "name": "China public limit at 50 Hz (power frequency)", "summary": "100 µT magnetic flux density and 4 kV/m electric field for public exposure at 50 Hz, with 10 kV/m allowed on farmland and roads beneath overhead transmission lines.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "china-gb-8702", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "band": { "minHz": 25, "maxHz": 1200, "label": "0.025–1.2 kHz" }, "formula": "B = 5/f µT and E = 200/f V/m (f in kHz)", "value": { "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "unit": "µT", "value": 100, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "GB 8702-2014 Table 1 gives B = 5/f µT and E = 200/f V/m with f in kHz, so at 50 Hz (0.05 kHz) the values are 100 µT (1000 mG) and 4000 V/m (4 kV/m). Note 4 permits 10 kV/m at 50 Hz on cultivated land, pasture, aquaculture surfaces and roads under overhead lines, with warning signage. The same figure as the EU recommendation, and half the ICNIRP 2010 level.", "sourceIds": [ "china-gb-8702" ] }, "related": [ "limits:eu-1999-519-magnetic-50hz", "limits:icnirp-2010-public-magnetic-50-60" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "china-gb-8702", "title": "GB 8702-2014 电磁环境控制限值 (Controlling limits for electromagnetic environment)", "publisher": "Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China", "url": "https://www.mee.gov.cn/ywgz/fgbz/bz/bzwb/hxxhj/dcfsbz/201410/t20141022_290449.htm", "year": 2014, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/china-public-power-frequency-limits", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/china-public-power-frequency-limits", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/china-public-power-frequency-limits.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:russia-public-300mhz-300ghz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "russia-public-limit-above-300-mhz", "name": "Russia public limit, 300 MHz–300 GHz", "summary": "10 µW/cm² (0.1 W/m², or 100,000 µW/m²) time-averaged power flux density — roughly a hundredth of the ICNIRP public reference level and the strictest national RF limit in wide use.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "russia-sanpin-rf", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 300000000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "0.3–300 GHz" }, "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 100000, "max": 250000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "SanPiN table for the population states 10 µW/cm²; 1 µW/cm² = 10,000 µW/m², so 10 µW/cm² = 0.1 W/m². A separate 25 µW/cm² entry applies in the qualified case noted in the table. Assessment is by average power flux density in this range.", "sourceIds": [ "russia-sanpin-1383", "russia-sanpin-2021" ] }, "related": [ "standards:russia-sanpin-rf", "limits:icnirp-2020-public-2-300ghz" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "russia-sanpin-1383", "title": "СанПиН 2.1.8/2.2.4.1383-03, приложение 1, таблица 2 — ПДУ ЭМП 30 кГц–300 ГГц для населения", "publisher": "Главный государственный санитарный врач РФ (via ConsultantPlus)", "url": "https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_43243/b80f2a134eb7436dbdb5ff9efd13bd96e1a2e452/", "year": 2003, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "russia-sanpin-2021", "title": "СанПиН 1.2.3685-21 — Гигиенические нормативы и требования к обеспечению безопасности факторов среды обитания", "publisher": "Роспотребнадзор (via ConsultantPlus)", "url": "https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_375839/", "year": 2021, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/russia-public-limit-above-300-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/russia-public-limit-above-300-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/russia-public-limit-above-300-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:russia-public-30-300mhz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "russia-public-limit-30-300-mhz", "name": "Russia public limit, 30–300 MHz", "summary": "3 V/m electric field strength for the population — the lowest broadcast-band public limit of any major jurisdiction, about a tenth of the FCC value.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "russia-sanpin-rf", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 30000000, "maxHz": 300000000, "label": "30–300 MHz" }, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 3, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "The population table gives 25 V/m (30–300 kHz), 15 V/m (0.3–3 MHz), 10 V/m (3–30 MHz) and 3 V/m (30–300 MHz). 3 V/m corresponds to about 0.024 W/m² in the far field.", "sourceIds": [ "russia-sanpin-1383" ] }, "related": [ "limits:fcc-mpe-public-30-300" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "russia-sanpin-1383", "title": "СанПиН 2.1.8/2.2.4.1383-03, приложение 1, таблица 2 — ПДУ ЭМП 30 кГц–300 ГГц для населения", "publisher": "Главный государственный санитарный врач РФ (via ConsultantPlus)", "url": "https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_43243/b80f2a134eb7436dbdb5ff9efd13bd96e1a2e452/", "year": 2003, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "russia-sanpin-2021", "title": "СанПиН 1.2.3685-21 — Гигиенические нормативы и требования к обеспечению безопасности факторов среды обитания", "publisher": "Роспотребнадзор (via ConsultantPlus)", "url": "https://www.consultant.ru/document/cons_doc_LAW_375839/", "year": 2021, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/russia-public-limit-30-300-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/russia-public-limit-30-300-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/russia-public-limit-30-300-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:italy-attention-value-15vm", "collection": "limits", "slug": "italy-attention-value-15-v-m", "name": "Italy attention value and quality objective (15 V/m)", "summary": "The precautionary tier of Italian law, raised from 6 V/m to 15 V/m on 30 April 2024: it applies inside buildings occupied four or more hours a day and outdoors in intensively frequented areas.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "italy-dpcm-2003", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 100000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "100 kHz–300 GHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 15, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Article 10 of Law 214/2023 raised the attention value and the quality objective from 6 V/m to 15 V/m with effect from 30 April 2024, pending alignment with European limits; 15 V/m is about 0.6 W/m². The 6 V/m figure still circulating online is the pre-2024 value.", "sourceIds": [ "italy-mimit-15vm", "italy-arpa-piemonte-15vm" ] }, "related": [ "standards:italy-dpcm-2003", "glossary:attention-value" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "italy-mimit-15vm", "title": "Adeguamento dei limiti dei campi elettromagnetici (15 V/m)", "publisher": "Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy", "url": "https://www.mimit.gov.it/it/notizie-stampa/adeguamento-dei-limiti-dei-campi-elettromagnetici", "year": 2024, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "italy-arpa-piemonte-15vm", "title": "Aumentano i controlli di Arpa in seguito all'aumento dei limiti di campo elettromagnetico", "publisher": "Arpa Piemonte", "url": "https://www.arpa.piemonte.it/notizia/aumentano-controlli-arpa-seguito-allaumento-dei-limiti-campo-elettromagnetico-per", "year": 2024, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "italy-dpcm-2003", "title": "DPCM 8 luglio 2003 — limiti di esposizione, valori di attenzione e obiettivi di qualità, 100 kHz–300 GHz", "publisher": "Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri (Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 199/2003)", "url": "https://corecom.consrc.it/hp2/doc/D.P.C.M.8_luglio2003.pdf", "year": 2003, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/italy-attention-value-15-v-m", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/italy-attention-value-15-v-m", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/italy-attention-value-15-v-m.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:italy-exposure-limit-20vm", "collection": "limits", "slug": "italy-exposure-limit-20-v-m", "name": "Italy exposure limit, 3 MHz–3 GHz (20 V/m)", "summary": "The non-precautionary tier: 20 V/m (about 1 W/m²) as the exposure limit for public exposure to fixed installations between 3 MHz and 3 GHz, unchanged by the 2024 amendment.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "italy-dpcm-2003", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 3000000, "maxHz": 3000000000, "label": "3 MHz–3 GHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 20, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "DPCM 8 July 2003, Annex B Table 1 (exposure limits) — 20 V/m in the 3 MHz–3 GHz band, equivalent to about 1.06 W/m² in the far field. Italy's exposure limit remains well below the 61 V/m EU/ICNIRP reference level for the same band.", "sourceIds": [ "italy-dpcm-2003" ] }, "related": [ "limits:italy-attention-value-15vm", "standards:eu-1999-519" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "italy-dpcm-2003", "title": "DPCM 8 luglio 2003 — limiti di esposizione, valori di attenzione e obiettivi di qualità, 100 kHz–300 GHz", "publisher": "Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri (Gazzetta Ufficiale n. 199/2003)", "url": "https://corecom.consrc.it/hp2/doc/D.P.C.M.8_luglio2003.pdf", "year": 2003, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/italy-exposure-limit-20-v-m", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/italy-exposure-limit-20-v-m", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/italy-exposure-limit-20-v-m.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:japan-public-30-300mhz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "japan-general-environment-limit-30-300-mhz", "name": "Japan general-environment limit, 30–300 MHz", "summary": "27.5 V/m, equivalently 0.2 mW/cm² (2 W/m²), across FM, VHF TV and the 150–300 MHz land-mobile bands, averaged over six minutes.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "japan-rrpg", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 30000000, "maxHz": 300000000, "label": "30–300 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 27.5, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "電波法施行規則 appended table 2-3-2, table 1: E = 27.5 V/m, H = 0.0728 A/m, power flux density 0.2 mW/cm² = 2 W/m². Where several stations transmit at one site, the sum of the squared ratios to each band's value must not exceed 1.", "sourceIds": [ "japan-radio-law-table" ] }, "related": [ "standards:japan-rrpg", "limits:icnirp-2020-public-400-2000" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "japan-radio-law-table", "title": "電波法施行規則 第21条の3 および別表第2号の3の2 — 電波の強度の値 (Radio Law Enforcement Regulations, art. 21-3 and appended table 2-3-2: permitted radio-wave field strengths)", "publisher": "総務省 電波利用ポータル (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan)", "url": "https://www.tele.soumu.go.jp/j/sys/ele/medical/system/laws/index.htm", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/japan-general-environment-limit-30-300-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/japan-general-environment-limit-30-300-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/japan-general-environment-limit-30-300-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:japan-public-300-1500mhz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "japan-general-environment-limit-300-1500-mhz", "name": "Japan general-environment limit, 300 MHz–1.5 GHz", "summary": "f/1500 mW/cm² (f in MHz) — 6 W/m² at 900 MHz, the band that carries most 2G/3G/4G downlink in Japan.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "japan-rrpg", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 300000000, "maxHz": 1500000000, "label": "300 MHz–1.5 GHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "formula": "f/1500 mW/cm² (f in MHz), E = 1.585 √f V/m", "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 2000000, "max": 10000000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "The range is the band edges: 0.2 mW/cm² (2 W/m²) at 300 MHz to 1 mW/cm² (10 W/m²) at 1.5 GHz. At 900 MHz the limit is 0.6 mW/cm² = 6 W/m², equivalently E = 1.585 √900 = 47.6 V/m.", "sourceIds": [ "japan-radio-law-table" ] }, "related": [ "standards:japan-rrpg", "emitters:macro-cell-tower" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "japan-radio-law-table", "title": "電波法施行規則 第21条の3 および別表第2号の3の2 — 電波の強度の値 (Radio Law Enforcement Regulations, art. 21-3 and appended table 2-3-2: permitted radio-wave field strengths)", "publisher": "総務省 電波利用ポータル (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan)", "url": "https://www.tele.soumu.go.jp/j/sys/ele/medical/system/laws/index.htm", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/japan-general-environment-limit-300-1500-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/japan-general-environment-limit-300-1500-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/japan-general-environment-limit-300-1500-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:japan-public-above-1500mhz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "japan-general-environment-limit-above-1-5-ghz", "name": "Japan general-environment limit, 1.5–300 GHz", "summary": "61.4 V/m, equivalently 1 mW/cm² (10 W/m²) — the value that applies to Japanese 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 3.7 GHz and 28 GHz sites and to Wi-Fi.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "japan-rrpg", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 1500000000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "1.5–300 GHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 61.4, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "電波法施行規則 appended table 2-3-2, table 1: E = 61.4 V/m, H = 0.163 A/m, 1 mW/cm² = 10 W/m². Matches the ICNIRP 1998/2020 public reference level for the same band.", "sourceIds": [ "japan-radio-law-table" ] }, "related": [ "limits:icnirp-2020-public-2-300ghz", "standards:japan-rrpg" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "japan-radio-law-table", "title": "電波法施行規則 第21条の3 および別表第2号の3の2 — 電波の強度の値 (Radio Law Enforcement Regulations, art. 21-3 and appended table 2-3-2: permitted radio-wave field strengths)", "publisher": "総務省 電波利用ポータル (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan)", "url": "https://www.tele.soumu.go.jp/j/sys/ele/medical/system/laws/index.htm", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/japan-general-environment-limit-above-1-5-ghz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/japan-general-environment-limit-above-1-5-ghz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/japan-general-environment-limit-above-1-5-ghz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:japan-head-sar", "collection": "limits", "slug": "japan-head-sar-limit", "name": "Japan handset local SAR limit (head)", "summary": "2 W/kg averaged over any 10 g of tissue and any six minutes, mandatory for equipment used close to the head since June 2002.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "japan-rrpg", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "specific-absorption-rate", "band": { "minHz": 100000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "equipment used near the head" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "value": { "quantity": "specific-absorption-rate", "unit": "W/kg", "value": 2, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Equipment with an average power below 20 mW is exempt. The 10 g averaging mass matches the EU/ICNIRP convention, so Japanese figures are comparable with European declared SAR values but not with U.S. FCC values averaged over 1 g against a 1.6 W/kg limit.", "sourceIds": [ "japan-mic-rrpg" ] }, "related": [ "limits:icnirp-2020-sar-local", "limits:fcc-sar-partial-body", "questions:why-does-phone-sar-differ-between-us-and-europe" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "japan-mic-rrpg", "title": "Possible Health Effects on the Human Body from Radio Wave Exposure — Radio Radiation Protection Guidelines", "publisher": "Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan", "url": "https://www.tele.soumu.go.jp/e/sys/ele/body/index.htm", "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "japan-radio-law-table", "title": "電波法施行規則 第21条の3 および別表第2号の3の2 — 電波の強度の値 (Radio Law Enforcement Regulations, art. 21-3 and appended table 2-3-2: permitted radio-wave field strengths)", "publisher": "総務省 電波利用ポータル (Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Japan)", "url": "https://www.tele.soumu.go.jp/j/sys/ele/medical/system/laws/index.htm", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/japan-head-sar-limit", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/japan-head-sar-limit", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/japan-head-sar-limit.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:japan-power-frequency-magnetic", "collection": "limits", "slug": "japan-power-frequency-magnetic-limit", "name": "Japan power-frequency magnetic limit for electrical facilities", "summary": "200 µT (2000 mG) at commercial frequency in the space a person would occupy near transformers, switchgear and power lines, binding since 1 October 2011.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "japan-meti-facilities", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "band": { "minHz": 50, "maxHz": 60, "label": "commercial frequency (50/60 Hz)" }, "value": { "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "unit": "µT", "value": 200, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Ordinance art. 27-2 requires the average flux density in the space equivalent to that occupied by a person to stay at or below 200 µT. Japan adopted this figure from the ICNIRP 2010 revision, which raised the public reference level from 100 µT at 50 Hz and 83 µT at 60 Hz to 200 µT at both.", "sourceIds": [ "japan-meti-ordinance-52", "japan-meti-emf" ] }, "related": [ "limits:icnirp-2010-public-magnetic-50-60", "limits:ch-onir-power-lines" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "japan-meti-ordinance-52", "title": "電気設備に関する技術基準を定める省令 第27条の2 — 磁束密度の平均値を商用周波数において200 µT以下 (Ordinance on Technical Standards for Electrical Facilities, art. 27-2)", "publisher": "経済産業省 (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan), via e-Gov 法令検索", "url": "https://laws.e-gov.go.jp/law/409M50000400052", "year": 1997, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "japan-meti-emf", "title": "電気設備から生じる電磁界 — 200 µT規制の導入 (EMF from electrical facilities: introduction of the 200 µT rule)", "publisher": "経済産業省 (Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Japan)", "url": "https://www.meti.go.jp/policy/safety_security/industrial_safety/sangyo/electric/detail/setsubi_denjikai.html", "year": 2011, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/japan-power-frequency-magnetic-limit", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/japan-power-frequency-magnetic-limit", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/japan-power-frequency-magnetic-limit.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:korea-public-10-400mhz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "korea-public-limit-10-400-mhz", "name": "Korea public limit, 10–400 MHz", "summary": "28 V/m and 2 W/m² for the general public across VHF/UHF broadcasting and the 400 MHz land-mobile band.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "korea-msit-emf", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 10000000, "maxHz": 400000000, "label": "10–400 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 28, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "RRA reference-level table for the general public: E = 28 V/m, H = 0.073 A/m, B = 0.092 µT, S = 2 W/m² — the ICNIRP 1998 public values for this band.", "sourceIds": [ "korea-emf-protection-standard" ] }, "related": [ "standards:korea-msit-emf" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "korea-emf-protection-standard", "title": "전자파 인체보호기준 — 전자파강도 기준표 (Human protection standard for electromagnetic waves: field-strength tables)", "publisher": "국립전파연구원 (National Radio Research Agency, Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea)", "url": "https://www.rra.go.kr/emf/wrongfact/knowing/index08.do", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "korea-radio-waves-act", "title": "Radio Waves Act, art. 47-2 — standards for the protection of the human body from electromagnetic waves", "publisher": "Korea Legislation Research Institute (statutes of the Republic of Korea)", "url": "https://elaw.klri.re.kr/eng_service/lawView.do?hseq=25937&lang=ENG", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/korea-public-limit-10-400-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/korea-public-limit-10-400-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/korea-public-limit-10-400-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:korea-public-400-2000mhz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "korea-public-limit-400-2000-mhz", "name": "Korea public limit, 400–2000 MHz", "summary": "f/200 W/m² (f in MHz) — 4.5 W/m² at 900 MHz and 9 W/m² at 1800 MHz, with E = 1.375 √f V/m.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "korea-msit-emf", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 400000000, "maxHz": 2000000000, "label": "400–2000 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "formula": "f/200 W/m², E = 1.375 √f V/m (f in MHz)", "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 2000000, "max": 10000000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "The range is the band edges: 2 W/m² at 400 MHz to 10 W/m² at 2000 MHz. At 900 MHz the limit is 4.5 W/m², equivalently 41.25 V/m.", "sourceIds": [ "korea-emf-protection-standard" ] }, "related": [ "standards:korea-msit-emf", "limits:icnirp-2020-public-400-2000" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "korea-emf-protection-standard", "title": "전자파 인체보호기준 — 전자파강도 기준표 (Human protection standard for electromagnetic waves: field-strength tables)", "publisher": "국립전파연구원 (National Radio Research Agency, Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea)", "url": "https://www.rra.go.kr/emf/wrongfact/knowing/index08.do", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/korea-public-limit-400-2000-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/korea-public-limit-400-2000-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/korea-public-limit-400-2000-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:korea-public-2-300ghz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "korea-public-limit-2-300-ghz", "name": "Korea public limit, 2–300 GHz", "summary": "61 V/m and 10 W/m² — the value that governs Korean 2.1 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 28 GHz sites and Wi-Fi.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "korea-msit-emf", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 2000000000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "2–300 GHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 61, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "RRA reference-level table for the general public: E = 61 V/m, H = 0.16 A/m, B = 0.20 µT, S = 10 W/m².", "sourceIds": [ "korea-emf-protection-standard" ] }, "related": [ "limits:icnirp-2020-public-2-300ghz", "standards:korea-msit-emf" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "korea-emf-protection-standard", "title": "전자파 인체보호기준 — 전자파강도 기준표 (Human protection standard for electromagnetic waves: field-strength tables)", "publisher": "국립전파연구원 (National Radio Research Agency, Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea)", "url": "https://www.rra.go.kr/emf/wrongfact/knowing/index08.do", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/korea-public-limit-2-300-ghz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/korea-public-limit-2-300-ghz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/korea-public-limit-2-300-ghz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:korea-public-magnetic-60hz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "korea-public-magnetic-limit-60-hz", "name": "Korea public magnetic limit at 60 Hz", "summary": "83.3 µT (833 mG) at Korea's 60 Hz mains frequency — the ICNIRP 1998 reference level, which Korea kept rather than moving to the 200 µT figure of the 2010 revision.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "korea-msit-emf", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "band": { "minHz": 60, "maxHz": 60, "label": "60 Hz" }, "formula": "5/f µT for 25 Hz–0.8 kHz (f in kHz)", "value": { "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "unit": "µT", "value": 83.3, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "The general-public table gives B = 5/f µT with f in kHz for 25 Hz–0.8 kHz, which is 83.3 µT at 60 Hz; the RRA states the Korean power-frequency figure as 833 mG. Korea separately notes that 4 mG values quoted for Switzerland, the Netherlands and Denmark are installation or quality targets, not human-protection limits.", "sourceIds": [ "korea-emf-protection-standard" ] }, "related": [ "limits:icnirp-2010-public-magnetic-50-60", "limits:japan-power-frequency-magnetic" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "korea-emf-protection-standard", "title": "전자파 인체보호기준 — 전자파강도 기준표 (Human protection standard for electromagnetic waves: field-strength tables)", "publisher": "국립전파연구원 (National Radio Research Agency, Ministry of Science and ICT, Republic of Korea)", "url": "https://www.rra.go.kr/emf/wrongfact/knowing/index08.do", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/korea-public-magnetic-limit-60-hz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/korea-public-magnetic-limit-60-hz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/korea-public-magnetic-limit-60-hz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:poland-public-10-400mhz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "poland-public-limit-10-400-mhz", "name": "Poland public limit, 10–400 MHz", "summary": "28 V/m and 2 W/m² in places accessible to the public — up from the 7 V/m that applied before 1 January 2020.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "poland-mz-2019", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 10000000, "maxHz": 400000000, "label": "10–400 MHz" }, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 28, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Annex, Table 2, row 9: E = 28 V/m, H = 0.073 A/m, S = 2 W/m². Values apply to fixed power and radiocommunication networks, not to portable devices or appliances used in dwellings.", "sourceIds": [ "poland-mz-2019-2448" ] }, "related": [ "standards:poland-mz-2019" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "poland-mz-2019-2448", "title": "Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 17 grudnia 2019 r. w sprawie dopuszczalnych poziomów pól elektromagnetycznych w środowisku (Dz.U. 2019 poz. 2448)", "publisher": "Minister Zdrowia (Poland), Dziennik Ustaw", "url": "https://eli.gov.pl/eli/DU/2019/2448/ogl", "year": 2019, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "poland-5g-limits", "title": "Dopuszczalne wartości pola elektromagnetycznego w Polsce — harmonizacja z zaleceniem Rady od 1 stycznia 2020 r.", "publisher": "Ministerstwo Cyfryzacji (Poland), gov.pl", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/5g/dopuszczalne-wartosci-pola-elektromagnetycznego-w-polsce", "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/poland-public-limit-10-400-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/poland-public-limit-10-400-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/poland-public-limit-10-400-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:poland-public-400-2000mhz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "poland-public-limit-400-2000-mhz", "name": "Poland public limit, 400–2000 MHz", "summary": "1.375 √f V/m and f/200 W/m² (f in MHz) — 41.25 V/m at 900 MHz, matching the EU reference levels.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "poland-mz-2019", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 400000000, "maxHz": 2000000000, "label": "400–2000 MHz" }, "formula": "1.375 √f V/m, f/200 W/m² (f in MHz)", "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 2000000, "max": 10000000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Annex, Table 2, row 10. The range is the band edges: 2 W/m² at 400 MHz to 10 W/m² at 2000 MHz. Measurement methodology is set separately by the Minister of Climate regulation of 17 February 2020 (Dz.U. 2020 poz. 258).", "sourceIds": [ "poland-mz-2019-2448" ] }, "related": [ "standards:poland-mz-2019", "limits:eu-1999-519-magnetic-50hz" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "poland-mz-2019-2448", "title": "Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 17 grudnia 2019 r. w sprawie dopuszczalnych poziomów pól elektromagnetycznych w środowisku (Dz.U. 2019 poz. 2448)", "publisher": "Minister Zdrowia (Poland), Dziennik Ustaw", "url": "https://eli.gov.pl/eli/DU/2019/2448/ogl", "year": 2019, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/poland-public-limit-400-2000-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/poland-public-limit-400-2000-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/poland-public-limit-400-2000-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:poland-public-2-300ghz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "poland-public-limit-2-300-ghz", "name": "Poland public limit, 2–300 GHz", "summary": "61 V/m and 10 W/m² in places accessible to the public, in force since 1 January 2020.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "poland-mz-2019", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 2000000000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "2–300 GHz" }, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 61, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Annex, Table 2, row 11: E = 61 V/m, H = 0.16 A/m, S = 10 W/m². Poland's pre-2020 environmental limit of 7 V/m (0.1 W/m²) was one of the strictest in Europe and is frequently still quoted.", "sourceIds": [ "poland-mz-2019-2448", "poland-5g-limits" ] }, "related": [ "limits:icnirp-2020-public-2-300ghz", "standards:poland-mz-2019" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "poland-mz-2019-2448", "title": "Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 17 grudnia 2019 r. w sprawie dopuszczalnych poziomów pól elektromagnetycznych w środowisku (Dz.U. 2019 poz. 2448)", "publisher": "Minister Zdrowia (Poland), Dziennik Ustaw", "url": "https://eli.gov.pl/eli/DU/2019/2448/ogl", "year": 2019, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "poland-5g-limits", "title": "Dopuszczalne wartości pola elektromagnetycznego w Polsce — harmonizacja z zaleceniem Rady od 1 stycznia 2020 r.", "publisher": "Ministerstwo Cyfryzacji (Poland), gov.pl", "url": "https://www.gov.pl/web/5g/dopuszczalne-wartosci-pola-elektromagnetycznego-w-polsce", "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/poland-public-limit-2-300-ghz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/poland-public-limit-2-300-ghz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/poland-public-limit-2-300-ghz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:poland-residential-50hz-electric", "collection": "limits", "slug": "poland-residential-electric-limit-50-hz", "name": "Poland residential-zoning electric limit at 50 Hz", "summary": "1000 V/m on land zoned for housing — five times stricter than the 5000 V/m EU/ICNIRP reference level, and a separate stricter tier from the 10,000 V/m that applies in other publicly accessible places.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "poland-mz-2019", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 50, "maxHz": 50, "label": "50 Hz" }, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 1000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Annex, Table 1 (land zoned for housing): E = 1000 V/m, H = 60 A/m, as RMS values. Table 2 allows 10,000 V/m in places merely accessible to the public, so the housing tier is the binding constraint for new transmission lines over residential land.", "sourceIds": [ "poland-mz-2019-2448" ] }, "related": [ "standards:poland-mz-2019", "limits:eu-1999-519-magnetic-50hz" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "poland-mz-2019-2448", "title": "Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 17 grudnia 2019 r. w sprawie dopuszczalnych poziomów pól elektromagnetycznych w środowisku (Dz.U. 2019 poz. 2448)", "publisher": "Minister Zdrowia (Poland), Dziennik Ustaw", "url": "https://eli.gov.pl/eli/DU/2019/2448/ogl", "year": 2019, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/poland-residential-electric-limit-50-hz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/poland-residential-electric-limit-50-hz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/poland-residential-electric-limit-50-hz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:poland-residential-50hz-magnetic", "collection": "limits", "slug": "poland-residential-magnetic-limit-50-hz", "name": "Poland residential-zoning magnetic limit at 50 Hz", "summary": "60 A/m on land zoned for housing, which is 75 µT (750 mG) — slightly below the EU's 100 µT reference level.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "poland-mz-2019", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "band": { "minHz": 50, "maxHz": 50, "label": "50 Hz" }, "value": { "quantity": "magnetic-flux-density", "unit": "µT", "value": 75.4, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "The regulation states the magnetic component as H = 60 A/m; in air B = µ₀H = 4π × 10⁻⁷ × 60 = 75.4 µT. The same 60 A/m value appears in Table 2 for places accessible to the public from 0.5 to 50 Hz.", "sourceIds": [ "poland-mz-2019-2448" ] }, "related": [ "limits:icnirp-2010-public-magnetic-50-60", "limits:poland-residential-50hz-electric" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "poland-mz-2019-2448", "title": "Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 17 grudnia 2019 r. w sprawie dopuszczalnych poziomów pól elektromagnetycznych w środowisku (Dz.U. 2019 poz. 2448)", "publisher": "Minister Zdrowia (Poland), Dziennik Ustaw", "url": "https://eli.gov.pl/eli/DU/2019/2448/ogl", "year": 2019, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/poland-residential-magnetic-limit-50-hz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/poland-residential-magnetic-limit-50-hz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/poland-residential-magnetic-limit-50-hz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:brussels-outdoor-cumulative", "collection": "limits", "slug": "brussels-outdoor-cumulative-limit", "name": "Brussels cumulative limit, publicly accessible outdoor areas", "summary": "f/1597.28 W/m² summed over all fixed transmitters — 0.5635 W/m² (14.57 V/m) at 900 MHz, about a tenth of the EU reference level in power terms.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "brussels-ordinance", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 400000000, "maxHz": 2000000000, "label": "400–2000 MHz, outdoors" }, "formula": "f/1597.28 W/m² (f in MHz)", "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 250400, "max": 1252000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "The range is the band edges: 0.2504 W/m² at 400 MHz to 1.2520 W/m² at 2000 MHz. The ordinance itself gives 0.5635 W/m² = 14.57 V/m at 900 MHz as its worked example, and sets 0.2497 W/m² for 0.1–400 MHz and 1.2539 W/m² for 2–300 GHz. The limit applies at no moment to be exceeded, not as a time average.", "sourceIds": [ "brussels-ordinance-2007" ] }, "related": [ "standards:brussels-ordinance", "limits:brussels-indoor-cumulative" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "brussels-ordinance-2007", "title": "Ordonnance du 1er mars 2007 relative à la protection de l'environnement contre les éventuels effets nocifs et nuisances provoqués par les radiations non ionisantes (texte coordonné, art. 3)", "publisher": "Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Moniteur belge / Justel", "url": "https://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/eli/ordonnance/2007/03/01/2007031104/justel", "year": 2007, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/brussels-outdoor-cumulative-limit", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/brussels-outdoor-cumulative-limit", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/brussels-outdoor-cumulative-limit.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:brussels-indoor-cumulative", "collection": "limits", "slug": "brussels-indoor-cumulative-limit", "name": "Brussels cumulative limit, publicly accessible indoor areas", "summary": "f/4012.19 W/m² indoors — 0.2243 W/m² (9.19 V/m) at 900 MHz, the stricter of the two Brussels tiers, applying to homes, hotels, schools, crèches, hospitals and care homes.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "brussels-ordinance", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 400000000, "maxHz": 2000000000, "label": "400–2000 MHz, indoors" }, "formula": "f/4012.19 W/m² (f in MHz)", "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 99700, "max": 499200, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "The range is the band edges: 0.0994 W/m² at 400 MHz to 0.4992 W/m² at 2000 MHz; at 900 MHz the ordinance gives 0.2243 W/m² = 9.19 V/m. If windows or doors to the outside are open, the outdoor values apply indoors instead. Antennas radiating between 20 and 300 GHz are prohibited unless the Government authorises them, excluding point-to-point links.", "sourceIds": [ "brussels-ordinance-2007" ] }, "related": [ "standards:brussels-ordinance", "limits:brussels-outdoor-cumulative" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "brussels-ordinance-2007", "title": "Ordonnance du 1er mars 2007 relative à la protection de l'environnement contre les éventuels effets nocifs et nuisances provoqués par les radiations non ionisantes (texte coordonné, art. 3)", "publisher": "Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Moniteur belge / Justel", "url": "https://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/eli/ordonnance/2007/03/01/2007031104/justel", "year": 2007, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/brussels-indoor-cumulative-limit", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/brussels-indoor-cumulative-limit", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/brussels-indoor-cumulative-limit.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:wallonia-per-operator", "collection": "limits", "slug": "wallonia-per-operator-limit", "name": "Wallonia per-operator limit in places of stay", "summary": "9.2 V/m at 900 MHz for all of one operator's antennas on a single support — the value that replaced the much-quoted 3 V/m per antenna in December 2022.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "wallonia-antenna-decree", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 900000000, "maxHz": 900000000, "label": "900 MHz reference" }, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 9.2, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Art. 4 §1 bounds the sum of one operator's antennas mounted on the same support, assessed 1.5 m above floor or ground level in places of stay; the decree's table is frequency dependent and 9.2 V/m is the 900 MHz reference figure cited by the Walloon Parliament. The earlier 3 V/m immission limit is repealed, so a compliance report attesting 3 V/m no longer describes the limit in force.", "sourceIds": [ "wallonia-decree-2009", "wallonia-decree-2022-report" ] }, "related": [ "standards:wallonia-antenna-decree", "limits:wallonia-cumulative" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wallonia-decree-2009", "title": "Décret du 3 avril 2009 relatif à la protection contre les rayonnements non ionisants générés par des antennes émettrices stationnaires (texte coordonné, art. 4, tel que modifié le 8 décembre 2022)", "publisher": "Région wallonne, Moniteur belge / Justel", "url": "https://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/article.pl?language=fr&numac_search=2009201985", "year": 2009, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "wallonia-decree-2022-report", "title": "Projet de décret modifiant le décret du 3 avril 2009 — rapport de commission: passage de 3 V/m par antenne à 9,2 V/m par opérateur et norme cumulée de 18,4 V/m", "publisher": "Parlement wallon (doc. 1100 (2022-2023))", "url": "http://nautilus.parlement-wallon.be/Archives/2022_2023/DECRET/1100_6.pdf", "year": 2022, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/wallonia-per-operator-limit", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/wallonia-per-operator-limit", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/wallonia-per-operator-limit.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:wallonia-cumulative", "collection": "limits", "slug": "wallonia-cumulative-limit", "name": "Wallonia cumulative multi-operator limit in places of stay", "summary": "18.4 V/m at 900 MHz for all operators on one antenna site combined, introduced alongside the per-operator limit in December 2022.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "wallonia-antenna-decree", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 900000000, "maxHz": 900000000, "label": "900 MHz reference" }, "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 18.4, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Art. 4 §2 bounds the combined field of every operator's antennas at a shared site — twice the per-operator figure in field strength, four times in power density. Mobile-network antennas radiating between 20 and 300 GHz are not authorised in Wallonia, excluding point-to-point links.", "sourceIds": [ "wallonia-decree-2009", "wallonia-decree-2022-report" ] }, "related": [ "standards:wallonia-antenna-decree", "limits:wallonia-per-operator" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "wallonia-decree-2009", "title": "Décret du 3 avril 2009 relatif à la protection contre les rayonnements non ionisants générés par des antennes émettrices stationnaires (texte coordonné, art. 4, tel que modifié le 8 décembre 2022)", "publisher": "Région wallonne, Moniteur belge / Justel", "url": "https://www.ejustice.just.fgov.be/cgi_loi/article.pl?language=fr&numac_search=2009201985", "year": 2009, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "wallonia-decree-2022-report", "title": "Projet de décret modifiant le décret du 3 avril 2009 — rapport de commission: passage de 3 V/m par antenne à 9,2 V/m par opérateur et norme cumulée de 18,4 V/m", "publisher": "Parlement wallon (doc. 1100 (2022-2023))", "url": "http://nautilus.parlement-wallon.be/Archives/2022_2023/DECRET/1100_6.pdf", "year": 2022, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/wallonia-cumulative-limit", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/wallonia-cumulative-limit", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/wallonia-cumulative-limit.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:flanders-cumulative", "collection": "limits", "slug": "flanders-cumulative-antenna-limit", "name": "Flanders cumulative antenna limit", "summary": "0.686 √f V/m for all fixed transmitters combined — 13.7 V/m below 400 MHz, 20.6 V/m at 900 MHz, 29.1 V/m at 1800 MHz and 30.7 V/m from 2 GHz up.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "flanders-vlarem-antennas", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "band": { "minHz": 400000000, "maxHz": 2000000000, "label": "400–2000 MHz" }, "formula": "0.686 √f V/m (f in MHz)", "value": { "quantity": "electric-field-strength", "unit": "V/m", "value": 13.7, "max": 30.7, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "VLAREM II environmental quality norm: 13.7 V/m from 10 to 400 MHz, 0.686 √f V/m from 400 to 2000 MHz and 30.7 V/m above 2000 MHz, as a spatially averaged level. The Flemish Government's published table gives 18.1 V/m at 700 MHz, 19.4 V/m at 800 MHz, 20.6 V/m at 900 MHz and 29.1 V/m at 1800 MHz, currently averaged over 30 minutes. Chapter 6.10 caps each operator's own contribution separately, so a site shared by several operators is bound by both.", "sourceIds": [ "flanders-vlarem-antennas", "flanders-vlarem-text" ] }, "related": [ "standards:flanders-vlarem-antennas", "limits:brussels-outdoor-cumulative" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "flanders-vlarem-antennas", "title": "Normen zendantennes — VLAREM hoofdstuk 2.14 (milieukwaliteitsnormen) en hoofdstuk 6.10, met grenswaardentabel", "publisher": "Departement Omgeving, Vlaamse overheid (Flanders, Belgium)", "url": "https://omgeving.vlaanderen.be/nl/klimaat-en-milieu/gezonde-veilige-en-aantrekkelijke-leefomgeving/straling-zendantennes-wifi-gsm/normen-zendantennes-vlarem-hoofdstuk-214-en-hoofdstuk-610", "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "flanders-vlarem-text", "title": "Besluit van de Vlaamse Regering van 19 november 2010 — VLAREM titel II, art. 2.14.2.1 en 6.9.2.1: grenswaarden elektrische veldsterkte voor zendantennes (Eiref = 0,686 √f V/m van 400 tot 2000 MHz)", "publisher": "Vlaamse overheid, Belgisch Staatsblad (via etaamb)", "url": "https://etaamb.openjustice.be/nl/besluit-van-de-vlaamse-regering-van-19-november-2010_n2010035951.html", "year": 2010, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/flanders-cumulative-antenna-limit", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/flanders-cumulative-antenna-limit", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/flanders-cumulative-antenna-limit.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:brazil-public-400-2000mhz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "brazil-public-limit-400-2000-mhz", "name": "Brazil public limit, 400–2000 MHz", "summary": "f/200 W/m² (f in MHz) by legal adoption of ICNIRP — 4.5 W/m² at 900 MHz — enforced by Anatel through station licensing since 1 March 2024.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "brazil-anatel-emf", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 400000000, "maxHz": 2000000000, "label": "400–2000 MHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "formula": "f/200 W/m², E = 1.375 √f V/m (f in MHz)", "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 2000000, "max": 10000000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "Brazil does not set an independent numerical value: Lei 11.934/2009 adopts the limits recommended by the WHO, and Ato 17.865/2023 puts the ICNIRP values in force in Anatel's technical requirements. The range is the band edges, 2 W/m² at 400 MHz to 10 W/m² at 2000 MHz.", "sourceIds": [ "brazil-anatel-ato-17865", "brazil-lei-11934" ] }, "related": [ "standards:brazil-anatel-emf", "limits:icnirp-2020-public-400-2000" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "brazil-anatel-ato-17865", "title": "Ato nº 17.865, de 30 de dezembro de 2023 — limites de exposição a CEMRF entre 8,3 kHz e 300 GHz, adotando as recomendações ICNIRP 2020", "publisher": "Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações (Anatel), Brazil", "url": "https://informacoes.anatel.gov.br/legislacao/atos-de-requisitos-tecnicos-de-gestao-do-espectro/2023/1914-ato-17865", "year": 2023, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "brazil-lei-11934", "title": "Lei nº 11.934, de 5 de maio de 2009 — limites à exposição humana a campos elétricos, magnéticos e eletromagnéticos até 300 GHz", "publisher": "Presidência da República (Brazil), via Anatel", "url": "https://informacoes.anatel.gov.br/legislacao/leis/426-lei-11934", "year": 2009, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/brazil-public-limit-400-2000-mhz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/brazil-public-limit-400-2000-mhz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/brazil-public-limit-400-2000-mhz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } }, { "id": "limits:brazil-public-2-300ghz", "collection": "limits", "slug": "brazil-public-limit-2-300-ghz", "name": "Brazil public limit, 2–300 GHz", "summary": "10 W/m² (61 V/m) for the general public, the ICNIRP figure as adopted by Anatel for 2.1 GHz, 3.5 GHz and 26 GHz sites.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "standardId": "brazil-anatel-emf", "population": "general-public", "quantity": "power-density", "band": { "minHz": 2000000000, "maxHz": 300000000000, "label": "2–300 GHz" }, "averagingSeconds": 360, "value": { "quantity": "power-density", "unit": "µW/m²", "value": 10000000, "basis": "regulatory", "note": "The ICNIRP figure for this band, in force in Brazil through Ato 17.865/2023, which covers 8.3 kHz–300 GHz for occupational and general-public exposure from transmitting stations and user terminals, and requires a conformity report by calculation or measurement that accounts for co-sited stations.", "sourceIds": [ "brazil-anatel-ato-17865" ] }, "related": [ "limits:icnirp-2020-public-2-300ghz", "standards:brazil-anatel-emf" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "brazil-anatel-ato-17865", "title": "Ato nº 17.865, de 30 de dezembro de 2023 — limites de exposição a CEMRF entre 8,3 kHz e 300 GHz, adotando as recomendações ICNIRP 2020", "publisher": "Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações (Anatel), Brazil", "url": "https://informacoes.anatel.gov.br/legislacao/atos-de-requisitos-tecnicos-de-gestao-do-espectro/2023/1914-ato-17865", "year": 2023, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "brazil-lei-11934", "title": "Lei nº 11.934, de 5 de maio de 2009 — limites à exposição humana a campos elétricos, magnéticos e eletromagnéticos até 300 GHz", "publisher": "Presidência da República (Brazil), via Anatel", "url": "https://informacoes.anatel.gov.br/legislacao/leis/426-lei-11934", "year": 2009, "kind": "regulation", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits/brazil-public-limit-2-300-ghz", "html": "https://emfbase.com/limits/brazil-public-limit-2-300-ghz", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/limits/brazil-public-limit-2-300-ghz.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/limits" } } ] }