{ "collection": "studies", "name": "Research record", "description": "Key studies and hazard classifications, each stating what was found, what it can and cannot establish, and where it sits in the evidence base.", "count": 13, "dataVersion": "2026.08.1", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "license": { "name": "CC BY 4.0", "url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" }, "records": [ { "id": "studies:iarc-2b-rf-2011", "collection": "studies", "slug": "iarc-2011-rf-group-2b", "name": "IARC classification of radiofrequency fields as Group 2B (2011)", "summary": "IARC classified radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) based on limited evidence for glioma and acoustic neuroma from heavy mobile phone use.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "authors": "IARC Monograph Working Group", "year": 2011, "design": "classification", "exposure": "Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields, primarily from mobile phone handsets held to the head", "finding": "Group 2B: possibly carcinogenic to humans. The classification rested on limited evidence in humans for glioma and acoustic neuroma among the heaviest users in case–control data, and limited evidence in experimental animals.", "limitations": "Group 2B is a statement about the strength of evidence, not about the size of any risk. The same category contains agents whose evidence is weak but not dismissible. The classification does not quantify risk, does not establish causation, and predates the NTP and Ramazzini animal studies and the 2024 WHO-commissioned review.", "weight": "hazard-classification", "url": "https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/pr208_E.pdf", "related": [ "emitters:smartphone", "studies:interphone-2010", "studies:who-rf-review-2024" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "iarc-2b-rf", "title": "IARC classifies radiofrequency electromagnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B), Press Release N° 208", "publisher": "International Agency for Research on Cancer", "url": "https://www.iarc.who.int/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/pr208_E.pdf", "year": 2011, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "who-emf-rf", "title": "Radiation: Electromagnetic fields (questions and answers)", "publisher": "World Health Organization", "url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-electromagnetic-fields", "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies/iarc-2011-rf-group-2b", "html": "https://emfbase.com/studies/iarc-2011-rf-group-2b", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/studies/iarc-2011-rf-group-2b.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies" } }, { "id": "studies:iarc-elf-2b-2002", "collection": "studies", "slug": "iarc-2002-elf-magnetic-group-2b", "name": "IARC classification of ELF magnetic fields as Group 2B (2002)", "summary": "IARC classified extremely low frequency magnetic fields as possibly carcinogenic to humans (Group 2B) on the basis of consistent epidemiological associations with childhood leukaemia above roughly 0.3–0.4 µT.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "authors": "IARC Monograph Working Group (Monograph 80)", "year": 2002, "design": "classification", "exposure": "Power-frequency (50/60 Hz) magnetic fields, residential time-weighted average exposure", "finding": "Group 2B, driven by pooled analyses showing roughly a doubling of childhood leukaemia risk at time-weighted average exposures above 0.3–0.4 µT (3–4 mG), a level reached in only a small percentage of homes.", "limitations": "No established biophysical mechanism at these field strengths, and selection bias and confounding cannot be excluded in the underlying studies. Animal and in-vitro evidence was considered inadequate. The association has not been shown to be causal.", "weight": "hazard-classification", "url": "https://publications.iarc.who.int/99", "related": [ "limits:who-elf-leukaemia-association", "emitters:transmission-line" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "iarc-monograph-80", "title": "IARC Monographs Volume 80: Non-Ionizing Radiation, Part 1: Static and Extremely Low-Frequency Electric and Magnetic Fields", "publisher": "International Agency for Research on Cancer", "url": "https://publications.iarc.who.int/98", "year": 2002, "kind": "peer-reviewed", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "who-elf", "title": "Electromagnetic fields and public health: exposure to extremely low frequency fields", "publisher": "World Health Organization", "url": "https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/radiation-and-health/non-ionizing/exposure", "year": 2007, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "ahlbom-2000", "title": "A pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia", "publisher": "British Journal of Cancer", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10970686/", "year": 2000, "kind": "peer-reviewed", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies/iarc-2002-elf-magnetic-group-2b", "html": "https://emfbase.com/studies/iarc-2002-elf-magnetic-group-2b", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/studies/iarc-2002-elf-magnetic-group-2b.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies" } }, { "id": "studies:ahlbom-2000", "collection": "studies", "slug": "ahlbom-2000-pooled-childhood-leukaemia", "name": "Ahlbom et al. pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia (2000)", "summary": "A pooled analysis of nine studies that produced the 0.3–0.4 µT figure still cited in every ELF policy discussion, reporting roughly twice the relative risk above that level.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "authors": "Ahlbom A, Day N, Feychting M, et al.", "year": 2000, "design": "systematic-review", "exposure": "Residential 50/60 Hz magnetic field, time-weighted average", "finding": "No excess risk below 0.4 µT; a relative risk of about 2.0 for exposures at or above 0.4 µT, consistent across the pooled datasets.", "limitations": "Very few children were in the highest exposure category, so the estimate is statistically fragile. Possible selection bias in participation, and no mechanistic explanation. Pooling reduces random error but not shared systematic error.", "weight": "high", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10970686/", "related": [ "studies:iarc-elf-2b-2002", "limits:who-elf-leukaemia-association" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "ahlbom-2000", "title": "A pooled analysis of magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia", "publisher": "British Journal of Cancer", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10970686/", "year": 2000, "kind": "peer-reviewed", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "who-elf", "title": "Electromagnetic fields and public health: exposure to extremely low frequency fields", "publisher": "World Health Organization", "url": "https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/radiation-and-health/non-ionizing/exposure", "year": 2007, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies/ahlbom-2000-pooled-childhood-leukaemia", "html": "https://emfbase.com/studies/ahlbom-2000-pooled-childhood-leukaemia", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/studies/ahlbom-2000-pooled-childhood-leukaemia.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies" } }, { "id": "studies:interphone-2010", "collection": "studies", "slug": "interphone-2010", "name": "INTERPHONE international case–control study (2010)", "summary": "The largest case–control study of mobile phone use and brain tumours found no overall increase in glioma or meningioma, with a raised glioma odds ratio confined to the highest decile of reported call time.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "authors": "INTERPHONE Study Group", "year": 2010, "design": "case-control", "exposure": "Cumulative mobile phone call time, self-reported, 13 countries", "finding": "No increase in glioma or meningioma overall. In the highest decile of cumulative call time (≥1640 hours) the glioma odds ratio was about 1.4, which the authors judged possibly explained by bias and error rather than a causal effect.", "limitations": "Exposure was recalled by participants, and recall bias is documented in the study itself; some odds ratios fell implausibly below 1.0 for moderate use, indicating methodological error. Handset technology has changed substantially since the exposure period.", "weight": "high", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/39/3/675/632606", "related": [ "studies:iarc-2b-rf-2011", "emitters:smartphone" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "interphone-2010", "title": "Brain tumour risk in relation to mobile telephone use: results of the INTERPHONE international case–control study", "publisher": "International Journal of Epidemiology (INTERPHONE Study Group)", "url": "https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/39/3/675/632606", "year": 2010, "kind": "peer-reviewed", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "nih-nci-cellphones", "title": "Cell Phones and Cancer Risk", "publisher": "National Cancer Institute", "url": "https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-prevention/risk/radiation/cell-phones-fact-sheet", "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies/interphone-2010", "html": "https://emfbase.com/studies/interphone-2010", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/studies/interphone-2010.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies" } }, { "id": "studies:danish-cohort-2011", "collection": "studies", "slug": "danish-cohort-2011", "name": "Danish cohort study of mobile subscribers (2011 update)", "summary": "A nationwide cohort using subscription records rather than recall found no elevated brain tumour incidence among long-term subscribers, including those with 13 or more years of subscription.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "authors": "Frei P, Poulsen AH, Johansen C, et al.", "year": 2011, "design": "cohort", "exposure": "Mobile phone subscription duration from operator records, Danish population", "finding": "No increased risk of tumours of the central nervous system among long-term subscribers.", "limitations": "Subscription is a crude proxy for use: corporate subscriptions were excluded and non-subscribing users misclassified, both of which dilute any true effect. No data on call time or on which side of the head was used.", "weight": "high", "url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d6387", "related": [ "studies:interphone-2010" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "danish-cohort-2011", "title": "Use of mobile phones and risk of brain tumours: update of Danish cohort study", "publisher": "BMJ", "url": "https://www.bmj.com/content/343/bmj.d6387", "year": 2011, "kind": "peer-reviewed", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies/danish-cohort-2011", "html": "https://emfbase.com/studies/danish-cohort-2011", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/studies/danish-cohort-2011.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies" } }, { "id": "studies:ntp-2018", "collection": "studies", "slug": "ntp-2018-cellphone-rfr", "name": "NTP rodent carcinogenicity studies of cell phone radiofrequency radiation (2018)", "summary": "Two-year whole-body exposure studies found clear evidence of malignant schwannomas of the heart in male rats at exposure levels above the human whole-body limit, with no such finding in female rats or in mice.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "authors": "U.S. National Toxicology Program", "year": 2018, "design": "animal", "exposure": "Whole-body GSM- and CDMA-modulated RF at 900 MHz (rats) and 1900 MHz (mice), 1.5–6 W/kg whole-body SAR, roughly 9 hours per day for two years, from before birth", "finding": "Clear evidence of carcinogenic activity: malignant schwannoma of the heart in male rats. Equivocal evidence for glioma in male rats. No clear evidence in female rats or in mice of either sex.", "limitations": "Whole-body SAR levels were at or above the human whole-body limit and produced measurable tissue heating at the highest level. Exposed male rats survived longer than controls, complicating interpretation. Rodent heart schwannoma has no clear human counterpart in the epidemiology, and NTP itself stated the findings should not be extrapolated directly to human phone use.", "weight": "high", "url": "https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/topics/cellphones", "related": [ "studies:ramazzini-2018", "studies:iarc-2b-rf-2011" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "ntp-cellphone", "title": "Cell Phone Radiofrequency Radiation Studies", "publisher": "National Toxicology Program, U.S. NIEHS", "url": "https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/whatwestudy/topics/cellphones", "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies/ntp-2018-cellphone-rfr", "html": "https://emfbase.com/studies/ntp-2018-cellphone-rfr", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/studies/ntp-2018-cellphone-rfr.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies" } }, { "id": "studies:ramazzini-2018", "collection": "studies", "slug": "ramazzini-2018-base-station-rfr", "name": "Ramazzini Institute far-field base-station exposure study (2018)", "summary": "A lifespan rat study at far-field, base-station-like levels reported the same rare heart schwannoma signal as the NTP study, at much lower exposure intensities.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "authors": "Falcioni L, Bua L, Tibaldi E, et al. (Ramazzini Institute)", "year": 2018, "design": "animal", "exposure": "Far-field 1.8 GHz GSM at whole-body SAR of 0.001–0.1 W/kg, 19 hours per day from prenatal life to natural death", "finding": "A statistically significant increase in heart schwannomas in male rats at the highest dose, concordant in tumour type with the NTP findings despite far lower exposure.", "limitations": "Effect was confined to male rats at the highest of three levels, with small numbers of affected animals. Historical-control comparisons and statistical approach have been contested. Concordance with NTP strengthens the signal but neither study establishes a human risk.", "weight": "moderate", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29530389/", "related": [ "studies:ntp-2018" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "ramazzini-2018", "title": "Report of final results regarding brain and heart tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats exposed from prenatal life until natural death to mobile phone radiofrequency field representative of a 1.8 GHz GSM base station environmental emission", "publisher": "Environmental Research (Ramazzini Institute)", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29530389/", "year": 2018, "kind": "peer-reviewed", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies/ramazzini-2018-base-station-rfr", "html": "https://emfbase.com/studies/ramazzini-2018-base-station-rfr", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/studies/ramazzini-2018-base-station-rfr.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies" } }, { "id": "studies:who-rf-review-2024", "collection": "studies", "slug": "who-rf-cancer-review-2024", "name": "WHO-commissioned systematic review of RF exposure and cancer in humans (2024)", "summary": "A systematic review and meta-analysis of human observational studies found no association between mobile phone use and brain or head-and-neck cancers, including for long-term and heavy use.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "authors": "Karipidis K, Baaken D, Loney T, et al.", "year": 2024, "design": "systematic-review", "exposure": "Mobile phone use, cordless phone use, and occupational and environmental RF exposure", "finding": "No association between mobile phone use and glioma, meningioma, acoustic neuroma, or pituitary and salivary gland tumours, including among people reporting ten or more years of use and the highest cumulative call time. Certainty of evidence was rated moderate to low depending on outcome.", "limitations": "Underlying studies rely largely on self-reported exposure and predate widespread 5G deployment. Absence of an observed association at population level does not exclude a small effect in a subgroup, and the review addresses cancer only, not other endpoints.", "weight": "high", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024005531", "related": [ "studies:iarc-2b-rf-2011", "studies:interphone-2010" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "who-rf-review-2024", "title": "The effect of exposure to radiofrequency fields on cancer risk in the general and working population: a systematic review of human observational studies", "publisher": "Environment International (WHO-commissioned systematic review)", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412024005531", "year": 2024, "kind": "peer-reviewed", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "who-emf-rf", "title": "Radiation: Electromagnetic fields (questions and answers)", "publisher": "World Health Organization", "url": "https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/radiation-electromagnetic-fields", "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies/who-rf-cancer-review-2024", "html": "https://emfbase.com/studies/who-rf-cancer-review-2024", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/studies/who-rf-cancer-review-2024.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies" } }, { "id": "studies:cosmos-cohort", "collection": "studies", "slug": "cosmos-cohort", "name": "COSMOS prospective cohort of mobile phone users", "summary": "An international prospective cohort that records phone use from operator data rather than recall, designed to address the recall-bias problem that limits the case–control literature.", "status": "provisional", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "authors": "COSMOS consortium", "year": 2024, "design": "cohort", "exposure": "Operator-recorded call time and data use, with long-term follow-up for cancer and other outcomes", "finding": "Published analyses to date report no association between mobile phone call time and headache, tinnitus, sleep quality or, in reported cancer analyses, brain tumour incidence. Follow-up is ongoing.", "limitations": "Follow-up is still short relative to plausible latency for brain tumours, and participants are volunteers. Consult the consortium's publication list for the current state rather than relying on any single result.", "weight": "moderate", "url": "https://www.ukcosmos.org/", "related": [ "studies:who-rf-review-2024" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "cosmos-2024", "title": "COSMOS cohort study of mobile phone use and health outcomes", "publisher": "Imperial College London / COSMOS consortium", "url": "https://www.ukcosmos.org/", "kind": "peer-reviewed", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies/cosmos-cohort", "html": "https://emfbase.com/studies/cosmos-cohort", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/studies/cosmos-cohort.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies" } }, { "id": "studies:who-ehs-2005", "collection": "studies", "slug": "who-electromagnetic-hypersensitivity", "name": "WHO position on electromagnetic hypersensitivity (EHS)", "summary": "WHO recognises that people report real and sometimes disabling symptoms they attribute to EMF, while provocation studies have not shown that participants can detect field presence or that symptoms track actual exposure.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "authors": "World Health Organization", "year": 2005, "design": "systematic-review", "exposure": "Self-reported sensitivity to a range of EMF sources", "finding": "Symptoms are genuine and can be severe, but blinded provocation studies do not support EMF exposure as their cause; WHO describes the condition as idiopathic environmental intolerance and recommends clinical evaluation of the symptoms themselves.", "limitations": "Provocation studies vary widely in design, exposure characterisation, and participant selection, and a physiological mechanism has neither been demonstrated nor ruled out. This record describes the WHO position; it is not medical advice and does not dismiss individual experience.", "weight": "contested", "url": "https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/radiation-and-health/non-ionizing/hypersensitivity", "related": [ "limits:europaem-2016-wifi-night", "questions:is-emf-sensitivity-real" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "who-ehs", "title": "Electromagnetic hypersensitivity (WHO backgrounder, December 2005; formerly Fact sheet 296)", "publisher": "World Health Organization", "url": "https://www.who.int/teams/environment-climate-change-and-health/radiation-and-health/non-ionizing/hypersensitivity", "year": 2005, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies/who-electromagnetic-hypersensitivity", "html": "https://emfbase.com/studies/who-electromagnetic-hypersensitivity", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/studies/who-electromagnetic-hypersensitivity.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies" } }, { "id": "studies:rubin-2010", "collection": "studies", "slug": "rubin-2010-provocation-review", "name": "Rubin et al. 2010 — updated systematic review of EHS provocation studies", "summary": "46 blind or double-blind provocation experiments with 1175 self-reported sensitive volunteers: no robust evidence that field exposure triggered their symptoms, and support for a nocebo mechanism instead.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "authors": "Rubin GJ, Nieto-Hernandez R, Wessely S", "year": 2010, "design": "systematic-review", "exposure": "Blinded active versus sham exposure to mobile-phone, base-station, ELF and other fields, in volunteers reporting sensitivity", "finding": "Across 46 experiments no robust evidence was found that exposure triggers symptoms or that participants can tell active from sham fields; the included studies did support a role for the nocebo effect in triggering acute symptoms. The authors conclude that a narrow focus on bioelectromagnetic mechanisms is unlikely to help patients in the long term.", "limitations": "Provocation studies test short, acute exposures under laboratory conditions and cannot rule out effects with a long latency or ones that depend on real-world exposure patterns — the gap ANSES 2018 asked researchers to close. A negative provocation result says nothing about whether the symptoms are real or disabling; it addresses only whether the field is what triggers them.", "weight": "moderate", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19681059/", "related": [ "studies:who-ehs-2005", "glossary:nocebo-effect", "questions:does-nocebo-mean-my-symptoms-are-imagined" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "rubin-2010", "title": "Idiopathic environmental intolerance attributed to electromagnetic fields (formerly 'electromagnetic hypersensitivity'): an updated systematic review of provocation studies", "publisher": "Rubin GJ, Nieto-Hernandez R, Wessely S — Bioelectromagnetics 31(1):1–11", "url": "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19681059/", "year": 2010, "kind": "peer-reviewed", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies/rubin-2010-provocation-review", "html": "https://emfbase.com/studies/rubin-2010-provocation-review", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/studies/rubin-2010-provocation-review.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies" } }, { "id": "studies:anses-2018-ehs", "collection": "studies", "slug": "anses-2018-electromagnetic-hypersensitivity", "name": "ANSES 2018 — collective expert review of electromagnetic hypersensitivity", "summary": "France's health agency reviewed the literature plus hearings with clinicians, researchers and affected people: no solid experimental evidence of a causal link, and an explicit recommendation that the suffering be treated as real and clinically managed.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "authors": "Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES)", "year": 2018, "design": "systematic-review", "exposure": "Self-declared sensitivity to electromagnetic fields across sources, in France", "finding": "In the current state of knowledge there is no solid experimental evidence establishing a causal link between EMF exposure and the symptoms described by people declaring themselves EHS. ANSES simultaneously states that their suffering and pain correspond to a lived reality that leads them to adapt their daily lives, recommends appropriate clinical care and training for health professionals, and calls for further research whose experimental conditions reflect how affected people actually live.", "limitations": "An evidence review, not new experimental work; it inherits the limitations of the provocation literature it assesses. It makes no finding about any exposure threshold and does not support treating the precautionary EMF values published by clinical associations as health-based limits.", "weight": "contested", "url": "https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/AP2011SA0150Ra.pdf", "related": [ "organizations:anses", "studies:rubin-2010", "questions:what-should-i-do-if-i-think-im-electrosensitive" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "anses-2018-ehs", "title": "Avis et rapport d'expertise collective — Hypersensibilité électromagnétique ou intolérance environnementale idiopathique attribuée aux champs électromagnétiques (mars 2018)", "publisher": "Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), France", "url": "https://www.anses.fr/fr/system/files/AP2011SA0150Ra.pdf", "year": 2018, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" }, { "id": "anses-2018-ehs-summary", "title": "Hypersensibilité aux ondes électromagnétiques : amplifier l'effort de recherche et adapter la prise en charge des personnes concernées", "publisher": "ANSES, France", "url": "https://anses.fr/fr/content/hypersensibilit%C3%A9-aux-ondes-%C3%A9lectromagn%C3%A9tiques-amplifier-l%E2%80%99effort-de-recherche-et-adapter-la", "year": 2018, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies/anses-2018-electromagnetic-hypersensitivity", "html": "https://emfbase.com/studies/anses-2018-electromagnetic-hypersensitivity", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/studies/anses-2018-electromagnetic-hypersensitivity.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies" } }, { "id": "studies:scenihr-2015", "collection": "studies", "slug": "scenihr-2015-emf-opinion", "name": "SCENIHR 2015 — EU scientific committee opinion on EMF health effects", "summary": "The European Commission's expert committee's last full EMF opinion: no established health effects from RF below the reference levels, ELF magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia still unexplained, and no support for EHS being caused by exposure.", "status": "verified", "lastVerified": "2026-08-12", "data": { "authors": "Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR), European Commission", "year": 2015, "design": "systematic-review", "exposure": "Static, ELF, intermediate-frequency and RF fields, including millimetre wave and THz", "finding": "Updating the committee's 2009 opinions, it found no established adverse health effect of RF exposure below the reference levels, treated the epidemiological association between ELF magnetic fields and childhood leukaemia as unexplained rather than demonstrated to be causal, and found the evidence did not support EMF exposure as the cause of symptoms in people reporting sensitivity.", "limitations": "Adopted in January 2015, so it predates the NTP and Ramazzini animal studies and the 2024 WHO-commissioned review of human RF cancer studies; SCENIHR itself was later folded into a successor committee. It assesses the evidence base, not any individual product or installation.", "weight": "high", "url": "https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2016-11/scenihr_o_041_0.pdf", "related": [ "studies:who-rf-review-2024", "studies:ahlbom-2000", "studies:rubin-2010" ] }, "sources": [ { "id": "scenihr-2015", "title": "Opinion on potential health effects of exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF), adopted 27 January 2015", "publisher": "Scientific Committee on Emerging and Newly Identified Health Risks (SCENIHR), European Commission", "url": "https://health.ec.europa.eu/system/files/2016-11/scenihr_o_041_0.pdf", "year": 2015, "kind": "government", "retrieved": "2026-08-12" } ], "links": { "self": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies/scenihr-2015-emf-opinion", "html": "https://emfbase.com/studies/scenihr-2015-emf-opinion", "markdown": "https://emfbase.com/studies/scenihr-2015-emf-opinion.md", "collection": "https://emfbase.com/api/studies" } } ] }